Atanarjuat: the Fast Runner Essay

The role of religion has been a major factor of every culture for as long as anyone can remember. The feeling of togetherness that comes with belonging to a group of people that believe in the same ideas and a central entity defines a person and the way they see the world. Atanarjuat: The Fast Runner  shows the impact of a certain belief on a tribe of Eskimos in Igloolik, a village in  Eastern Arctic wilderness, at the dawn of the first millennium. An evil curse was said to be following one member of the tribe, Oki, because of his jealousy of Atanarjuat. The film follows the lives of these two men and the conflicts they have as they grow older. It also focuses on the spiritual ideas that drive both Oki and Atanarjuat, and their other tribe members, to drastic actions. From the beginning, the curse is embedded into the film successfully, as it helps explain why certain things happened to Atanarjuat and Oki. The curse was portrayed by a sound effect whenever a person was affected by it. Without that effect, the idea of the curse may not have come across as well, and might even have been forgotten until the end. As well as the curse was portrayed, the reason for it coming about was a bit confusing for viewers who were not used to the language and style of the film. Years before the story of Atanarjuat and Oki, a shaman predicts that a curse will be brought on by Tulimaq. By no coincidence, camp leader, Kumaglak, died in a duel and his rightful successor, Tulimaq, was passed over and Sauri was given the title. Tulimaq does not take this well, accusing Sauri of helping murder his father. Tulimaq becomes a laughing stock and cannot feed his wife and kids, Atanarjuat and Amaqjuaq, though he gets help from his friend, Panikpak, widow of Kumaglak. It was hard to understand what exactly caused the curse and why Tulimaq was the one burdened by it with the way the story was told. The quick scenes and unclear dialogue were not exactly helping in telling this story, especially since it was from a culture that most viewers would not be familiar with. Overall, the film was effective in describing the actions and beliefs brought on by Tulimaq’s curse. The power the idea that the curse is what causes the constant conflict between Atanarjuat and Oki is portrayed skillfully. In the beginning a tribe member, Qulitalik, is shown leaving the village in fear of the curse, but promises to return if his sister, Panikpak, ever needed his help. This promise is so strong that, decades later, when Atanarjuat needs help hiding and defeating Oki, Qulitalik is the person that aids in ending the curse. This brings in the idea of loyalty to family and community and shows that these were vital beliefs of the tribe. Another aspect of the film that greatly helped illustrate the importance of both the tribe’s beliefs and conviction of the curse was symbolism. Throughout the film, certain symbols and symbolic gestures were used to show the tribe’s belief in a certain idea. Right before her husband dies, Panikpak witnesses a stone lamp fall and break in half, which foreshadowed the bad events that were to come. A walrus-tooth necklace was introduced in the beginning of the film as a sort of heirloom of Kumaglak. It was given to Sauri as a symbol of his new power as the new chief. Although it is just an object, it revealed the tribe’s faith in what it represented because at the end of the film, once the necklace was returned to Tulimaq’s spirit, its rightful owner, peace is brought back to the village. This film shows how greatly this tribe of Eskimos are effected by their beliefs and rituals, although the viewers may not be familiar with them. In the ethnography Never In Anger by Jean Briggs, she describes the difference in gender roles in Utku tribe. They were very similar to those of the tribe of Igloolik. The women were the caretakers, doing housework, tending to animal hides, looking after children, and cooking, while the men fished, hunted, and built igloos as shelter. Each sex was separated during meals and women were submissive to men. This played an integral part in the film, especially for the character, Puja. She did not seem to want to conform to the ideals of what women were supposed to do in the tribe, and was seen as lazy and spoiled. She also seemed to believe she could have more than one man, as men were allowed to have more than one wife, and challenged this idea when she seduces Atanarjuat’s brother, Amaqjuaq. The women’s role in the village was a catalyst for certain actions taken by the males. For example, Atanarjuat and Oki had their first conflict over Atuat when she and Atanarjuat fell in love while she was betrothed to Oki. Oki goes after Atanarjuat once again when Puja lies about his brother hitting her for no reason, when in fact it was because she was caught cheating on her husband with him. Although women were not in charge of the actions of the tribe or important decisions of the tribe, it is shown that they do have importance in another sense. They can influence the men’s actions individually and in terms of the tribe as a whole. The film Atanarjuat: The Fast Runner definitely has some aspects that need improvement for viewers who are not familiar with the Eskimo culture to understand. However, in terms of portraying the culture and beliefs, this film gives its audience something they can identify with. No matter where they are from, they can sympathize with what believing in a supernatural notion can make one do, and how family and community loyalty influences ones decisions.

Educational Technology Has Positive Effects On Students Attitudes Education Essay

The Classroom has changed dramatically in the past 20-40 old ages. But some of the cardinal factors is how has engineering changed the schoolroom, and how has it is integrated into the schoolrooms? Then we must see how much does engineering influences pupils larning ability and instructor ‘s ability to include engineering in the academic course of study? In today ‘s universe engineering is a really of import portion of our lives. Technology and instruction both has a relationship with instruction. In recent old ages engineering in the schools has alteration. Computers and cyberspace are going more common in schools and schoolroom. . Studies show trial tonss have showed small betterment overall since increased usage in engineering in instruction. However there are additions in aptitude and educational experiences are due to engineering in the schoolroom. Many influences and uses of engineering in schoolroom state of affairss have created statements within the instruction y et most experts can hold on engineerings greatest parts. Technology has changed the schoolroom dramatically and if integrated right it can be really good and greatly impact the pupils larning ability. We are forced to utilize computing machines in today ‘s universe. Everything we use is computerized, so why non larn more and learn our kids everything about computing machines and engineering. When engineering is used as a tool in the schoolroom it enhances pupils larning ability. Technology should help out instructors with assisting out pupils. Teachers and pedagogues use to learn our pupils how to utilize engineering and now we are utilizing engineering to better academic accomplishment. Technology plays a really of import function in portion of the alteration in our schools as it relates to student accomplishment. As pupils are introduced to engineering it will widen the scope of pupils choices as they learn. Implementing engineering in the schoolroom will truly do a difference in our kids lives for the hereafter. Technology tools and resources has become an indispensable portion of the acquisition procedure which is a portion of the result of successful academic accomplishment. Our kids are our hereafter and what we teach them today will reflect how this universe will run tomorrow. So we should give our kids all the tools they need to win and be great citizens in the universe today, tomorrow and centuries from now. ` Execution of engineering in the schoolroom impacts how good the pupils advancement and better academically. Technology has been used in the schoolroom for over 20 old ages. Research workers have proven that engineering motivates our pupils and they are more positive toward school activities. Lumley ( 1991 ) stated, â€Å" aˆÂ ¦that pupils in traditional schoolrooms go world-weary if undertakings are excessively easy and frustrated when they are excessively hard † . When engineering is used as a tool to beef up our pupils and connected with activities to construct on their strengths it motivates our pupils to larn and win. Evidence indicates that when used efficaciously, â€Å" engineering applications can back up higher-order thought by prosecuting pupils in reliable, complex undertakings within collaborative acquisition contexts † ( Means, Blando, Olson, Middleton, Morocco, Remz, & A ; Zorfass, 1993 ) . Technology is something that our kids are interested in get the hanging. A study by the US Dept. of Education ( 1995 ) related that pupils felt that the usage of engineering made them fell smarter and empowered them with cognition that others did n't hold. When given instructions through computing machines it allows the pupils to be in control of the acquisition procedure. Technology enhances pupils larning ability. Technology is non transformative on its ain. Alternatively of concentrating on stray, skills-based utilizations of engineering, schools should advance the usage of assorted engineerings for sophisticated problem-solving and information-retrieving intents ( Means & A ; Olson, 1995 ) . Computers and the cyberspace are technological tools that are utilized in the schoolroom and heighten the pupils larning ability. Technology in the schoolroom aid pupils develops accomplishments that will assist them be more effectual in today ‘s universe. Research indicates that pupils that utilize technological tools in the schoolroom are more motivated and shows better organisational accomplishments. When you use engineering in the schoolroom this helps the pupil to larn new accomplishments that will assist them both in the schoolroom and in the workplace. Surveies from research besides show when the right use of acquisition criterions and the right engineering use together can increase trial tonss significantly. A West Virginia survey shows an addition in trial tonss ensuing from incorporating course of study aims for basic accomplishments development in reading and mathematics with instructional package ( Mann, Shakeshaft, Becker & A ; Kottkamp, 1999 ) . A survey conducted at Stephens Institute of Technology found that high-school pupils retained math accomplishments longer after utilizing commercially available mathematics package than did pupils in a control group having traditional schoolroom direction ( Technology and Learning, September 1997 ) . Harmonizing to the Software Publisher ‘s Association ( 1994 ) survey, research found that: * Educational engineering has a important positive impact on accomplishment in all capable countries, across all degrees of school, and in regular schoolrooms every bit good as those for special-needs pupils. * Educational engineering has positive effects on pupil ‘s attitudes. * The grade of effectivity is influenced by the pupil population, the instructional design, the instructor ‘s function, how pupils are grouped, and the degrees of pupil entree to engineering. * Technology makes direction more student-centered, encourages concerted acquisition, and stimulated increased teacher/student interaction. * Positive alterations in the acquisition environment evolve over clip and make non happen rapidly. Surveies show that schools that have engineering based course of studies are successful in bring forthing effectual consequences for pupils ; this includes higher trial tonss, betterment in pupil ‘s attitude, motive, and battle. Technology in the schoolroom stimulates larning and motivates pupils. Students today are utilizing engineering as an instructional and communicating tool to pass on and have information or instructions from a instructor or text edition. This is leting the pupil to do picks about how to bring forth and have information. This helps the pupils to believe about information and academic assignments that are normally led by the instructor course of study. When engineering is used as a tool to back up pupils to execute a certain undertaking it helps the pupils with their ends and determination devising. It besides allows them to measure their ain advancement. Teachers are utilizing and integrating engineering into the academic course of study which will besides lend to motive in the schoolroom. Teachers should besides develop clear ends and outlook for betterment in pupil acquisition. Integrating engineering into the academic course of study requires planing new and originative acquisition environments. The most of import thing to retrieve when incorporating engineering in the schoolroom is it is a tool to help in the schoolroom and pupils or instructors should non wholly depend on it. Technology should non make societal isolation and prevent pupils from larning critical basic accomplishments. When pupils are given the chance to larn and utilize the computing machine efficaciously along with accomplishing their ends it gives the pupil freedom and makes them experience like they are in control. As a consequence, ego regard has addition and the pupils enjoy school more. This puts the pupil in a positive and originative acquisition environme nt which makes the pupils learning ability alteration and encourages and motivates the pupils to larn. There are fewer breaks in the schoolroom and this gives the instructor more instructional clip. The instructional technological tools capture the attending of the pupils and the pupils find that the academic topics are more interesting. The new engineering plans and package that are designed today help pupil ‘s motive and develop their accomplishments and cognition. Using technological tools such as audio and video brings satisfaction and stimulates larning. Boster et Al. ( 2002 ) stated that â€Å" citations surveies of instructor beliefs that multimedia presentations help increase involvement, attending and wonder † . Teachers are convinced that when the pupils attending is increased that it will increase motive and the ability to acknowledge. This will finally take to betterment in the pupils classs. There are so many ways that pupils and instructors in the schoolroom could use engineering to be good to the instructors and the pupils. A greater trust on engineering alterations the relationship between the student-teacher. When instructors and pupils utilize the computing machine, cyberspace, and academic package activities they have the chance to research job resolution, originative thought and higher degree authorship and speech production accomplishments. Technology preparation should be a demand for instructors. In order for instructors to be successful in implementing engineering into the course of study and in the schoolroom they will necessitate preparation. Teachers should professional development on how to use engineering efficaciously. In the article titled â€Å" Teachers: Gives Us Better Tech Training Support † ( 2008 ) , â€Å" Teachers and pupils should hold the same degree of engineering in schools that is being used outside of schools. How can we anticipate our instructors to supply childs with the instruction they need to fall in today ‘s hi-tech work force without the necessary equipment and preparation? † asked NEA President Reg Weaver. Technology integrating brings alterations to instructors ‘ instructional functions in the schoolroom. The instructor ‘s functions in a technology-infused schoolroom frequently shift to that of a facilitator or manager instead than a lector ( Henriquez & A ; Riconscente, 1998 ) . Technology usage besides tends to further coaction among pupils ( Tinzmann, 1998 ) . Scheffler and Logan ( 1999 ) papers these and other alterations in the kineticss of the schoolroom. If instructors are unable to utilize the technological tools decently, how are they expected to efficaciously incorporate engineering in the schoolroom? Timing is everything, peculiarly when it comes to engineering. â€Å" Real acquisition takes topographic point ( or Michigans ) when really seeking the new accomplishments. † â€Å" The best manner to win widespread usage of new engineerings is to supply just-in-time support, aid, and encouragement when needed. † ( McKenzie, 1998 ) . Using Technology to present historical informations and scientific stuff to pupils that otherwise would hold needed to travel to a museum or Science centre are non merely opening up new universes of idea for pupils it is doing knowledge more readily available for all pupils with entree to computing machines that would non be able to afford field trips or books that are outdated. Soon it will be possible to trip all of the resources in school, at place, and in our communities to guarantee that no kid is left behind no affair how old. By familiarising early acquisition with engineering pupils are larning faster and in a broader sense with package geared at their age and acquisition degrees. Well before school households with computing machines are obtaining package and hardware merchandises to better school preparedness and derive a good foundation for instruction. Technology has assisted with standardised trial tonss within school territories. By supervising tonss on standardised trials you can supervise the instruction stuff and the comprehension of the pupils. With this organized data many territories can re believe the attacks or text editions used for increased larning possible. Many province support is besides granted on FCAT tonss and other standardised trials. By imitating these trials this will increase the positive results for the pupils. Traditional Teachers have been really vocal with their concerns on how engineering has affected the â€Å" reading, composing and arithmetic † within the category room scene. Because of reckoners, spell cheque and grammar cheque pupils are trusting more on engineering than their pencils and documents. More pupils complete undertakings on computing machine than of all time before and paper and pencil math is going infrequent An opposed position of engineering and instruction was found on an article titled Educational package may non increase acquisition, written by Ed. Roman Espejo /2009 in respects to the U.S. Department of Education, â€Å" Effectiveness of Reading and Mathematics Software Products: Findingss from the First Student Cohort: Executive Summary, † March 2007, pp. xii-xvi, xviii, xviv. â€Å" Questions about the effectivity of educational engineering and how effectivity is related to conditions and patterns. The survey identified reading and mathematics package merchandises based on anterior grounds of effectivity and other standards and recruited territories, schools, and instructors to implement the merchandises. On norm, after one twelvemonth, merchandises did non increase or diminish trial tonss by sums that were statistically different from nothing. † This in my sentiment neither substantiates the fact that package improves or decreases knowledge instead than it is one aspect of engineering with instruction. The benefits outweigh the disadvantages if any are cited. Patrick Welsh. â€Å" Technology May Not Increase Learning. † At Issue: Has Technology Increased Learning? Patrick Welsh seems to sum up his sentiment with â€Å" Technology is merely a tool, non an terminal in itself. It will ne'er replace good instruction. † Many instructors remark about engineering taking the topographic point of Teachers and larning new computing machine systems that schools purchase because their school system feels it may profit acquisition. Mr. Walsh appears to take the traditional instruction point of view. Andrew T. LeFevre summarizes his article by saying â€Å" We would make good to retrieve that the ultimate end of our educational system is to learn our kids how to believe for themselves. Technology can be a fantastic tool, but a high-velocity modem will ne'er replace a speedy head. † He supports utilizing engineering but non replacing â€Å" old manner † learning but heightening it with engineering and parental support additions classs. Joanne K. Olson and Michael P. Clough feel that excessively much engineering can really harm the instruction experience of kids. One of their statements is â€Å" In the concluding analysis, what instructors do in the schoolroom and what pupils experience defines the educational procedure. † These Writers gave really valid points in respects to reckoners and non holding the kid understand how the reply was derived. But in no research I have completed did it state that traditional methods can replace in most readings it reinforced it enhances the educational experience. Email is critical today for correspondence with a busy life style. You can see you or your kid ‘s trial tonss, prep assignments or e-mail your instructor with a inquiry. It is now faster to match with parents or instructors leting better communicating. No longer do you hold to wait until parent instructor conferences to acquire updates on your kid ‘s advancement. With online classs you can see prep, stations and discuss category subjects with your instructors and equals. It is genuinely a practical schoolroom and in some categories you have video and audio same clip entree. Classs are being videotaped, or held virtually so you can associate in and take part with your instructor or be replayed at a more convenient clip. This helps those of us that may be more audile or ocular in our acquisition manners while still leting the flexibleness of location. Laptops, overseas telegrams, flash thrusts, and computing machine package has now become a common topographic point with the dorsum to school crowd. Many school supply lists include new points to be budgeted into costs kids will be required to hold to maintain up with the on-going technological progresss. Most kids have a computing machine at place so they can vie assignments at place utilizing standardised applications and tools. These points are more expensive than notebooks and pens but can besides make more. After reading these documents and utilizing my ain experiences and observations I would non be able to take college class and still be able to keep down a full clip occupation if non for the promotion in computing machines and engineering. Using the system to explicate a practical schoolroom and to post this assignment to my teacher without traditional paper and write. Technology has opened a learn universe for me and my knowledgebase. Grandkids, kids, parents and grandparents are profiting from the new engineering used by the educational community. As pupils are given the chance to research more complex engineerings it is of import that our instructors and pedagogues are besides equipped to replies inquiries and supply feedback in the schoolroom. Overall success besides depends on the instructor ‘s entree to package that improves their course of study, proficient support, and preparation. When instructors are put in the place to be a portion of the motive of pupils they will bask their work and experience good about the success of their pupils. They will go more involved by mentoring their pupils. Teachers should do engineering a separate topic ; it should be a portion of the integrating. Professional development plays a really of import function in doing certain the instructors have the right preparation to be able to take the appropriate technological package and instructional schemes. Most surveies show that the figure one ground instructors do non utilize engineering in the schoolroom is a deficiency of experience in engineering. Teachers need the support to increase their cognition in engineering. When instructors are decently trained they can be more efficaciously when presenting instructions to the pupils. If and when engineering is wholly integrated into instruction, a large alteration in faculty members will happen. Back in the mid 1990s, criterions written for academic topics did non include utilizing the Internet or any type of digitized media. For case in history, the old criterions included seeking through old newspapers and transcripts of letters and journals every bit good as traveling to the existent historical sites. These beginnings could merely be found at a local library and historical museums. However, in the criterions that are easy being created and accepted today, the Internet is a major influence on the development. The proposed criterions include locating beginnings about related informations from electronic mail, on-line libraries from around the universe, computing machine webs from schools, and digitized media ( Mageau, Kenney 1994 ) . With the Internet and computing machine web communities, the kids of the hereafter will hold the universe at their fingertips. Children can shop the Internet and happen out more than they could of all time happen in a library. Not merely will kids profit from these alterations, but instructors, every bit good as parents, will excessively. If connexions are put in topographic point, parents will be able to pass on with the instructors on a day-to-day footing. Parents can look into for prep, classs, and even lesson programs. In add-on, instructors can reexamine other instructor ‘s lesson programs and derive cognition from instructors all over the universe every bit good as discuss different ways to present a new topic ( Gates 1996 ) . The benefits of engineering in the schoolroom for pupils, instructors, and parents far outweigh the cost for equipment and excess preparation needed for the pedagogues and decision makers of the engineering. When kids are able to take their imaginativenesss and convey them to life non merely at place, but besides at school, it does admirations for their heads ( Lankutis, Kennedy 2002 ) . Technology is the lone manner which can further rational capacity of today ‘s pupils. With engineering, new thoughts are imagined and created. If engineering is non integrated into educational criterions, the universe is stating the kids their dreams can non come true. Technology is turning quickly and is a really of import constituent of instruction and acquisition in our schools. Technology is really of import in this universe and it is really of import that we allow our pupils the chance to larn something that will impact their lives in the hereafter. Our end is to implement engineering in the schoolrooms by utilizing technological tools that will do larning more efficient and heighten our pupils larning ability. Research surveies show that engineering is a really powerful larning tool. Research has provided more information about the usage of engineering efficaciously in our schools to assist strengthen and better the academic public presentation and accomplishment of today ‘s pupils. The cardinal constituents in implementing engineering in the schools are activities that work together with both the academic course of study and technological tools. Different attacks must be used and tested in the schoolroom before we can truly find precis ely how to maintain out kids motivated and larning through engineering. Integrating engineering will necessitate clip, preparation, planning and administrative support. When a instructor is using the technological tools to actuate pupils it is more productive than talks and text editions. I recommend that we as parents, instructors, pupils and educational leaders be a portion of the planning and execution of engineering in the schoolroom

Criminal Justice Integration Project

Criminal Justice Integration Project University of Phoenix Javon Lewis, Prysanthum Armstrong, Brigit Williams, and Deon Hagerty AJS/502 Harry Kirk, Instructor November 12, 2012 Criminal Justice Integration Project There are many prison facilities that are ran privately today. These facilities are known to better rehabilitate those convicted upon entering society again. Team B has developed a private prison to house those individuals who are convicted of committing crimes. Team B has also implemented different programs within the facility in hopes to deter the convicted of being repeat offenders.Unlike other privatized facilities, our major focus is not to lock up as many people as possible. We will actually focus on making them better individuals so that they can reenter the world without having criminal thoughts. The remainder of this paper will include the policies for our facility. This paper also discus the budgets, projected revenue sources and expenditures, communications, and technology. In addition, it will elaborate on cultural or sub-cultural aspects of the organization as a whole. Policies and ProceduresIn order to properly run the private facility, we will have a set of policies to abide by. Without rules and regulations, any organization can and will be chaotic. There will be a zero tolerance for harassment, whether it is towards correction officers or the prisoners. Harassment can lead to law suits and will in turn cost the facility unnecessary money that could have been used for something else. Some forms of harassment can include sexual and discrimination. It is considered unlawful to harass an individual because of their gender.Sexual harassment can include unwanted sexual behaviors, sexual favors, and other verbal sexual content. Harassment does not always have to include sexual intent. It can contain remarks about a person’s gender. This is where discrimination comes into play. If any employee practices harassment in the workplace, the y will be reported and possibly terminated depending on the circumstance. We will also follow a code of ethics. The code of ethics will help the company to remain fair in any given situation that may arise. Budget Our budget will consist of grants, donations, and tax payer dollars.We will apply for state funding yearly and follow all necessary steps in order to receive that funding. According to the state, we will need a certain amount of prisoners in order to receive the amount of grants that we need. Other funding will come from donations. We will hold monthly meetings where the public can share their ideas and views for our facility. At the meetings, we will collect donations to help support our facility and the different programs that we will offer. Last but not least, funding will come from tax payer dollars. This portion of funding will assist the organization out a great deal.Tax payers may be upset about their money going towards a facility but it will help them out as well. They are helping to keep criminals off of the streets. Over the years, we will come up with other ways to generate funding for our facility. Communications Communication is a very important aspect of any venue. In this Criminal Justice Integration Project our communication with inmate to inmate, inmate to guard, guard to guard, and so on. These communication techniques are how we stay accessible to the world. We share information with the family of the prisoners, by using the telephone.If their loved one is in our facility and they have a major issues such as they are gravely ill or in need of a major surgery, we contact them by telephone. The prisoners are entered into a database once they enter into our facility. The database will be on a website on the internet and will be searchable by name, date of birth, or prison number. This database will be available for anyone who has access to the internet as well as to the government site we participate in. They must have the informatio n of the prisoner correct in order to see the prisoner information.When visitors enter the facility they must be on the visitors list. Anyone who comes to the facility without prior authorization will not be acknowledged. Visitors will be allowed to visit the prisoner for a limited time. Conversations between visitors and prisoners will be monitored at all times and maybe used later if needed in a case. In our facility, help groups will be established with the prisoners. Our duty is to try to rehabilitate the prisoners in the system if they want to be rehabilitated. We will have a group of prisoners in a guarded room in the facility, with counselors who can speak to them in a group.The prisoners at some point may be able to help one another understand what their issues have been in the past that helped to lead them to the situation that caused them to be sentenced to this facility. Our goal as a helping group for the inmate is to get them to understand if they are ever eligible for parole what they can do in life to avoid the situation that put them in prison in the first place or ways to think quickly to a less dangerous situation where they will be able to make a better choice in life. Our facility offers one-on-one counseling.This counseling will take place between a prisoner and a criminal social service counselor in a guarded room. The counselor will be able to have multiple sessions with prisoners to find the root of their problem and hopefully be able to work on ways to resolve some of their underline issues. They will be able to find the reasons that lead to them ending up with a prison sentence and find out the base problems of why the prisoners begin to act the way they do and what can we do to change the way they think. What issued cause them to change from an innocent child to a vicious adult are more issues that they will address.Our facility will have prisoner interviews to see what are the thoughts and feelings of the prisoners is after their he lping program to analyze if they are being helped by the programs, if their ideas of life have changed, if they developed any goals and are there any chances or rehabilitation as we hoped. We will assess the prisoners weekly until we have made of final determination of rather they are leading in the right direction truthfully or are they faking their rehab just to try to get an early release. The Components of Prison SecurityAs all prison becomes more and more over crowded and the internal problems continue to rise, it is very important for the facility to be able to maintain control and stability both inside and outside the prison. Although there are several different means of security measures that are put in place, it is hard to say whether or not the security can be achieved because of the layout of the prison or is it due to the trained professional who makes the difference whether or not the facility is secure well enough or not. Both of these factors play a vital role in keep ing the prison facility as safe as it is going to be for both inside and out.Technology and Physical Security The physical layout of a prison is actually very important. The role is twofold: this is made in order to keep society out and the inmates in. This being said, this is why prisons are built with high walls, tall fences, and you cannot forget the different forms of security that are also being used according to the Department of Corrections Services. It is believed that the lay out, design and age and level of maintenance of a prison has a direct on impact on the safety and level of security. Department of Correctional Services, 2003). The department describes physical security as â€Å"the prison building itself, the layout thereof, the design as well as the fixed security systems that are attached to the building as close circuit television, security fences, alarm and detection systems, etc. â€Å"(DCS, 2003). With this being understood, you can understand why the prison designs play a major role in the prison system. Pretty much every day more and more innovations are being introduced as ways to be able to improve security form now and into the future.In 1999, the Federal Bureau of prisons had about 120,000 inmates under their watch, having this many inmates it is great to have technology to depend on in order to keep the prison safe as much as possible. With technology on the side of The Department of Corrections they were able to develop a new system that helps prisons to keep track of all vehicles that come in and leave their facility, this system is called AVIAN- Advance Vehicle Interrogation and Notification System, This system detects the presence of persons hidden in vehicles and notifies security guards of potential escape.Using the data from seismic sensors that are placed or the vehicle, the AVIAN reads the shock waves generated by the human heart, which then couples to another surface or object with which the body is in contact. It colle cts the data and analyzes them with advanced signals processing algorithms to detect hidden persons in less than two minutes. (Federal Bureau of Prisons, 1999)Another form of security is the classification and reclassification, combine with the proper placement of the prisoners, things like this are considered to be very important factors of security.Prisoners are divided up by their different risks they pose to their fellow prisoners, and the community. The prisoners are sorted by different levels or categories and this is decided by how much of a threat the offender is to society (Category â€Å"A† prisoner and very dangerous to society, the police, and the state. ) If someone in this category were to escape they would be considered to be very dangerous to the outside community. Prisoners that fall into the category B do not have to be in such of a high risk security facility, but escape is still made to be very difficult to do.Prisoners who are in the â€Å"C† still cannot be trusted in open conditions, but they do not have the ability or resources to make a determined escape attempt. The prisoners in the â€Å"D† categories are considered to be trust worthy and they are allowed to serve their time without being totally confined, they serve their sentences in an open environment (Price, 1999). An allocation refers to the placement of a prisoner in a certain situations, which can include certain institutions, which includes the local jails, a state penitentiary, or even a federal prison. Cultural AspectsThe culture of prison facilities is very important in terms of positive leadership. Culture sets â€Å"the values, assumptions and beliefs that drive the way people think and behave at work† (Flaherty-Zonis, 2009). It sets the tone of the prison facility and how it operates. In recent discoveries, there has been a proven need for a more unified prison system across the country. They have been shown to â€Å"often operate as if the y are comprised of independent parts—the silos we hear about and experience. The staff of each part knows very well their perceived level of importance and the power of their voice.All too often, voices that are not as highly valued, coming from staff who are nonetheless critical to the running of the facility, are not heard, or are stifled and disregarded† (Flaherty-Zonis, 2009). This process must change. The staff is one of the most important factors to the successful operation of a correctional facility. They know firsthand what it is like to deal with prisoners and the voice of the staff is what keeps the prison’s culture intact. It is very common for prison sub-cultures to exist and create differentiators.This derives from the camaraderie that is being sought. Some discoveries have shown â€Å"the cultures in corrections facilities to be dominated by the following characteristics: conventional, â€Å"don’t rock the boat† thinking; a pattern of dependence, with a value on following rather than leading; avoidance of conflict, leaving many disagreements unresolved and even unidentified; a high level of oppositional behavior, focusing on what is wrong and holding on to past wrongs rather than working to find solutions; and a limited willingness to share power and information† (Flaherty-Zonis, 2009).The goal of our facility is to create a culture of positive leadership for staff as well as prisoners to follow. In the implementation of our â€Å"Positive Leaders Program†, we strive to create conceptualizations to accomplish tasks and create common understandings amongst staff and prisoners. Due to the fact that employees have direct dealings in the facilities with prisoners, we want to give them added responsibility to ensure that they are completely involved in this program. This will allow them to have a distinctive voice and always be interactive.Having strong leadership and employee interaction calls for a gre at deal of readiness and willingness to be direct and straightforward. The involvement of the staff is very important because individual participation forms and strengthens cultural group dynamics. This is where the staff works together to create a common process or understanding. In order to implement a successful and positive culture, we need a strategic planning process which is composed of shared ideology and focuses on strategic thinking, planning, management and response.We believe that following a strategic plan and sharing the ideas of everyone will allow for a great respect towards our culture, organizational diversity and pride. We want to encourage employees to remain involved in the development of a positive culture so that inmates feel like more than just a number. We want to be able to effectively implement programs and community sanctions to help improve the personal lives of prisoners so that they find inspiration to maintain a positive attitude and outlook while ser ving their prison term. DiscussionThe private facility that Team B will start for housing convicted prisoners will indeed be a success. The many programs that we will offer and implement such as the one on one counseling and prisoner interviews will be life changing for them, and assist them with making the right decisions upon entering society again. The security measures that we have in place will secure all inmates as well as correctional officers. The cultural aspects leadership program will aide prisoners to be more positive individuals so that they will have a better chance at not being a repeat offender.Overall, this facility will attempt to focus more on rehabilitation rather than punishment. Everyone deserves a second chance at life, and that’s what we plan on giving our housed inmates. References American Jail Association (1993). American Jail Association Code of Ethics. Retrieved January 28, 2003, from http://www. corrections. com/aja/resolutions/index. html Associ ated Press (2001). Prison escape probe to focus on lax security. Retrieved January 28, 2003, from http://www. clickonsa. om/ant/news/stories/news-20010108-085202. html Department of Correctional Services (2003). Safety and security. Retrieved February19, 2003, from http://www. dcs. gov. za/OffenderManagement/Safetyandsecurity. htm Federal Bureau of Prisons (1999). Introducing AVIAN. Retrieved February 5, 2003, from http://www. heartbeat-detector-avian. com Flaherty-Zonis, C. (2009). Corrections Systems: Creating Positive Culture and Dynamic Leadership. Retrieved October 22, 2012 from http://www. corrections. om/news/article/22540-corrections-systems-creating-positive-culture-and-dynamic-leadership Goldberg, E. & Evans, L. (1995). The prison industrial complex and the global economy. Retrieved April 22, 2003, from http://www. prisonactivist. org/crisis/evans-goldberg. html Johnson, A. (2000, July 28). Security at prison in doubt, union says. The Columbus Dispatch. Retrieved February 19, 2003, from http://www. dispatch. com/news/newsfea00/jul00/364974. html Liberty (2002, August). Allocation. Retrieved April 22, 2003 from http://www. ourrights. org. uk Price, D. (1999). Questions and answers about security categorization. Retrieved February 5, 2003, from http://www. postcardsfromprison. com/research/catsecfq. htm Schlosser, E. (1998). The prison-industrial complex. Retrieved April 4, 2003, from http://theatlantic. com/issues/98dec/prisons. htm Vertuno. J. (1999). Prison official says guards receive more than recommended training. Texas News. Retrieved April 22, 2003 from http://www. texnews. com/1998/1999/texas/prison0130. html

Structure of The Major Histocompatibiltiy Complex (MHC) Essay

Structure of The Major Histocompatibiltiy Complex (MHC) - Essay Example The functions performed by the complex are: binding of peptide fragments from invading pathogens and then displaying these peptide fragments on the cell surface so that it should be recognized by T-cells fro further degradation. MHC has got two unique properties, which make it difficult for any pathogen to evade immune responses in this way. These are:i) the MHC is polygenic: there are different varieties of MHC class I and MHC class II genes, hence every individual has got a set of MHC molecules with different ranges of peptide-binding specificities.ii) the MHC is highly polymorphic; there are multiple variants of each gene within the population as a whole. The MHC genes are, in fact, the most polymorphic genes known (Janeway 2001). It has become an important and more frequent clinical practice to replace diseased organs through transplantation. The response of the body to tissues with nucleated cells is more severe, as compared to blood transfusion containing anucleated RBCs, and it is the response of T-cells to highly polymorphic MHC molecules. This can be achieved by matching of the MHC type between donor and recipient that is not possible to 100%. (Janeway 2001) Previously rejected graft from a donor decreases the probability of acceptance of the second graft from the same donor to the same recipient and this response even earlier than the first set reject when body rejects it within a week time. This is again mediated by CD8 T cells, by CD4 T cells, or by both and at times even antibodies also become a part of this team (Janeway 2001). Matching donor and recipient at the MHC When donor and recipient differ at the MHC, the immune response, which is known as an alloreactive response as it is directed against antigens (alloantigens) that differ between members of the same species, is directed at the nonself allogeneic MHC molecule or molecules present on the graft. Most tissues contain predominantly MHC class I antigens. Once a graft is rejected due to presence of a particular MHC type, the second graft with the same nonself MHC molecule will also be rejected in a second-set response in a rapid manner. This is because of the frequency of T cells specific for any nonself MHC molecule that is very high, making differences at MHC loci the most potent trigger of the rejection of initial grafts (Janeway 2001). In human, HLA matching significantly improves the success rate of clinical organ transplantation but even it cannot in itself prevent rejection reactions. There are two main reasons behind this phenomenon: a) HLA typing is imprecise, owing to the polymorphism and complexity of the

The Entertainment Industry and Venue Management in Hospitality Assignment

The Entertainment Industry and Venue Management in Hospitality Industry - Assignment Example This confirms the sector compared to others has potential of sufficiently giving the government high revenue. The extent of Theatre in UK is quite evident based on numerous admirations not only within the bloc but also from global admirers who visit London annually due to the sector’s quality and creativity. Based on Shellard (2004) study, by 2004 had about 541 theatres whereby to date they have increased. Based on 2009 statistics approximately 10% of all visiting over 10 million people normally preferred watching stage shows whereby to date the number continues to augment (BBC News, 2010). The sector’s audiences include both the local and global people whereby the latter prefer making UK as their tourist destination. Hence, contributing to government revenue evident in 2009 whereby the revenue from this sector was about  £2.8 billion (BBC News, 2010). There are roughly 50 parks in UK with Alton Towers being the Britain’s best, whereby similar to theatres the parks their target includes both global and local visitors (Hughes-morgan, 2010). Though not comparable to other sectors, theme parks are currently making significant strides towards being reliable revenue generators. The 2009 statistics depict the sector managed to contribute approximately  £315m, which is significant revenue to the economy (Hughes-morgan, 2010). Probably, the hindering aspect is that their highest turnover period is especially in December when numerous people especially youths visit these venues (Hughes-morgan, 2010). The most targeted people include children and youths though and fun loving people more so parents as they accompany their young ones. Hence, they are family destinations not only to the natives but also tourists visiting diverse states who normally prefer relaxing with their close members more so children. The UK museums play a critical role since they represent culture in historical phases up to date. They actually assemble artifacts and preserve

Write topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Write topic - Essay Example How does the child compare to what the textbook identifies as age-typical. (you can also use other appropriate sources for developmental milestones if you reference them) Opening of doors and pulling at items. Toddlers at this age can be able to use their legs and hands but not in a refined way but they have the gross motor skills. The child’s actions compares to those explained in the book. 4. Give examples of fine motor skills that you observed. What does the textbook say for infants and toddlers of this age? How does the child compare to what the textbook identifies as age-typical. (you can also use other appropriate sources for developmental milestones if you reference them) The toddler is able to hold cups and can even pick pieces on the surface. The fine motor skills are not fully developed but there is evidence of their existence as can be observed in the toddler’s use of fingers. 5. Provide three examples of sensory perception the child uses while involved in activity during your observation. What does the textbook say about those sense modalities and their development in infants and toddlers? How do they compare to what the textbook identifies as age-typical? (for example: A baby turns his head toward his mother when she calls his name, a baby makes a face when she tastes something sour, a toddler watches the family dog walk across the room.) The baby observes the actions on the television, during feeding, the baby spits food that they do not like and he also listens when a familiar song is sang to him. These perceptions are in line with the book as the toddler is grossly able to distinguish taste, sound and visual

Insight in Australian ancient Aboriginal Rock- Art Essay

Insight in Australian ancient Aboriginal Rock- Art - Essay Example The essay "Insight in Australian ancient Aboriginal Rock- Art" discovers what is rock art and analyzes evaluation of its relevance in a broader context of Aboriginal Art. Pictographs are the ones, which are applied on the rock like paintings, drawings, stencils, daubing, and beeswax motifs. The ones, made by engravings, incisings, peckings, etchings etc, are known as petroglyphs. Rock here is a geological surface that is as soft as mud on which painting or engraving is done. Art however is a substitute word for image/picture/marking etc. Put together it would represent the art or visual images on the rock left or made by our pre-historic ancestors. It’s a form of visual, illustrated history of human race. Our pre-historic ancestors have represented themselves and their cultural and individual identities through the most durable medium of stone or rock. The paintings in the Arnhem Land, central north coast of Australia portray the ecological changes. These are seen from the cha nging depiction of flowers and animals. Aboriginals from Arnhem say that the Mimi spirits have done the Rock-Art paintings. Mimis are graceful sticky figures, red ochre in colour and live in the crevices of the rocks, to come alive in the night. They have created self-portraits and are also known as dreaming ancestors who have passed on the traditions of painting, hunting, dancing, and composing music to generations. The birds, which were eaten, the weapons used for hunting are also seen. Paintings on Australia’s northern shore.

Business information for Fly Guys about Excel Spreadsheet and Access Assignment

Business information for Fly Guys about Excel Spreadsheet and Access Database - Assignment Example In contrast, the Excel spreadsheets would keep displaying messages about a locked file and this might intimidate the passengers in addition to contributing to time wastage. Thus, Access database application is a better alternative as pertains to the support of the booking operations. Second, Access database uses structured query languages (SQL) to manipulate records. An even more striking aspect of this future is that the end-user can tailor the queries to suit the business needs. For example, it is possible generating reports based on criteria such as passengers involved in half journeys, passengers involved in full journeys and passengers who are most loyal to Fly Guys. On the other hand, Excel spreadsheets lack such fascinating features. Implicit in this is the point that a business which embraces Excel as an information management tool is likely to be restricted with regards to generating reports that can support business goals. So, MS Access database is better placed to meet the custom report generation needs at Fly Guys. Another reason why Fly Guys would need to focus on MS Access to address the custom report needs is its scalability and flexibility. In brief, Access can scale well and communicate seamlessly with nearly all other 21st century relational databases via open database connectivity (ODBC) connections. The only prerequisite for this capability is for the involved database administrator to have a thorough knowledge of the Fly Guys-owned MS Access database file. As Beskeen (2010) puts it, MS Access is a better option when it comes to information storage. In general, the application’s capabilities come in handy when a need arises to store information for a more elaborated time. This aspect suits the operation at Fly Guys because the records handled will inevitably rise.

Features of Service Operations Management Essay

Features of Service Operations Management - Essay Example Businesses can opt to stay in current markets, move on to new domestic markets or venture out to new foreign markets. Depending upon the markets and strategic tie-ups, the enterprises then have to decide whether to continue with existing products or develop new ones. Organizations prepare strategies for long term survival and consistent growth. Operational management encompasses the contribution of all concerned stakeholders in order to achieve the objectives. Now organizations are supposed to have multiple objectives, monetary as well as non-monetary. They are supposed to have flexibility to meet changing external and internal demands. This paper is an effort to study the role of operational management, how the operational strategies keep changing as the organisation grows and how operational management strategies can addresses the speed to market of new products and services and the responsiveness to the demands of customers. The operations system of an organisation is essentially the part that produces the organisations' products. In some organisations the product happen to be physical goods (like TV refrigerator, soft-drinks etc), while in others it is service (insurance, health care, travel, tourism, hotel etc.). The products and services belong to various categories and fields, but all such diverse organisations have one thing in common within their operations systems, that is, the conversion process (Everett E Adam et al, 1995). There are some inputs into the process and after the conversion process, there are some outputs. The quality of these outputs depends upon the how the organisation manages its operations. Traditionally, a conversion process that includes manufacturing (or production) yields a tangible output, while a conversion process that includes service yields an intangible output. But in today's business there is no such dividing line, because the horizon of 'services' has been widened. At times, both of them are interdependent and appear to be overlapping in nature. Manufacturing organisation requires the services like transportation, communication, promotion etc. to procure the supply of materials, manager the supply and distribution channels, be in touch with the customers and suppliers, plan marketing communication strategies, manage the financial accounts of the company etc. Similarly many services organisations depend upon the manufacturing sector for the business. Services too are undergoing a transformation from the traditional concept of a service transaction to one of an experience (A. Fitzsimmons, Mona J. Fitzsimmons, 2005). For the operations management the general goal is to create some kind of value-added product or service, so that the outputs are worth more to consumers than just the sum of the individual inputs. Services oriented businesses now try to do the value addition by way of providing a valuable experience while dealing with them. For exam ple the retail showrooms like Tesco, Asda, Woolworth, Wal-Mart etc. all take pride in the fact that they provide their customers a big operating space, whole range of products and a wonderful shopping experience. From a humble beginning these stores have grown up owing to sound strategic moves and operational management. It was in the year 1919 that Jack Cohen founded Tesco, when he began to sell surplus groceries from a stall in the East End of London (Tesco, 2006). In those days his

Response memo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Response memo - Essay Example zar, who from the information I received, has been a project manager for nine years with Summit Enterprises, and after informing him of the reschedule of the appointment he agreed to come at 10:30a.m. Kaitlyn Grindell, who is a systems analyst and a consultant to various companies, was ready to come for the interview at 11: 30a.m. In addition, Mary Montgomery has an MA degree and she has six years experience, and currently works as a senior project coordinator at High Point Industries; she agreed to attend at 9.30a.m. From the list of the people who will take part selection process, Bertha Ho was not included although she was part of the selection process. Ho works as an operations personnel officer, and since you did no list her, I would not ask for the time she will attend. I hope the people who will conduct the selection process will adhere to the principles of ethics to select best-qualified candidate based on merit for the benefit of the company. Bernstein (2010) argues that, the ethics inside us should produce a desire for success and create a willingness to put the efforts in all work we participate to bring change. I close with the suggestion that you include Bertha Ho in the selection process because from the information in our records, she has highly ethical principles and has adequate experience as operations personnel

The Influence of the Age of Enlightenment Essay Example for Free

The Influence of the Age of Enlightenment Essay The Age of Enlightenment is characterised by the 17th and 18th centuries in Europe and America. During this time, developments in philosophy, science, art, religion, and politics occurred along with the growing doubt in the teachings of the Church and even the existence of God. Philosophers such as Descartes, Bacon, and Luther promoted the search for truth based on the application of human reason. In addition, correct method of reasoning was mostly applied in the sciences and mathematics to understand the world, and explain phenomena. Such reasoning may have led Darwin and his followers to the development of scientific world theories such as the evolution later on. Among the forerunners of the period, Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) characterised mans motives as reflections of his own pleasure and pain. He is most famous for his concept of the social contract which suggests that a society be run by a single ruler who controls everything and has power over every man, including their motives and impulses. In addition, John Locke (1632-1704) became very famous with his belief that the human mind is a tabula rasa or a black slate, which is opposed to the Puritan belief that each individual is born with original sin and is responsible for social injustice. Voltaire (1694-1778), a prominent French social critic, essayist, poet, playwright and philosopher during his time offered the society his views which later served as inspiration to the French revolutionists. In particular, his views on religion challenged the Catholic Church in claiming that the churchs dogmas are incorrect and misleading. He further believed that religion alone cannot save a man. His criticism of the French government in favor of its English counterpart led to his exile in 1734. Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) was also one prominent philosopher during the Age of Enlightenment. He attracted public attention with his rejection of conformity to the contemporary society. In doing so, he clearly pronounced his call for reformation in general. In particular, he upheld the moral and legal equality of man, the sovereignty of the people, and the authority of the general will'[1]. Further to the application of human reason, the period saw the rise of sceptics, encyclopedists, and deists who shaped the mindset of the people, and affected much their way of life, including the arts produced during the time. Visual artists of the 1700s were either preoccupied or limited to Rococo especially women who struggled much to establish their niche. Rococo paintings produced during this time often dealt with human and still life subjects, and emphasised airy grace and refined pleasure'[2] found in portrayal of beauty in delicate fabrics, jewelry, porcelains, etc. Also, wooded scenes, artful dances, women, and portraiture specially nude ones were very common. Among the renowned visual artists during this time was Antoine Watteau (1684-1721). In his works, we can note that the search of man for reason during this time was so intense. Specifically in Pierrot, we see the subject flanked by four other figures—the Doctor on his donkey, Là ©andre, Isabelle and the Capitaine'[3]which signify the relation of man with other individuals thus complementing his existence. Likewise, in his other paintings, we see the portrayal of the compete beauty and drama of life. Francis Boucher (1703-1770) dealt on pastoral subjects, and women including the Virgin and the goddess Venus. Although his works still mirror Italian influence, we can see the development of a reformation from the background of the subjects in his works. Jean Fragonard (1732-1806), another Rococo painter expressed vividly his times yearning for reason in that his subjects were seen to be either reading or writing. Also, his work, A Young Girl Reading is representative of the Baroque style that flourished after Rococo. The artists during the early 17th century mostly exhibited Italian influence and a lot of them dealt on   Greek mythology. However, from the backdrop of the paintings we studied, a foreshadowing of the neoclassical art could be established. Sculptors during the enlightenment include Jean Antoine Houdon (1741-1828) who was the best portrait sculptor of his time and perhaps of all time'[4]. His legacies include portraits of the most important figures in his time including Voltaire, George Washington, Diderot, Franklin, etc. Ideally representing his period were Houdons woks which reveal the very essential quality of man—his reason which we can note in   expression of his subjects—from the pupils of their eyes, the robustness of their chest, and the lines on their flesh. Overall, he focused on people as his subjects, and revealed eloquence and greatness expressed in brows, hair, and facial lines. In Flayed Man (1767), Houdon clearly shows us how the science of anatomy can be combined with arts. Neoclassicism gave way to the expression of reason, thus artists found more themes to express their views and style. Literary writings which emanated during this time include different genres such as prose, poetry, drama, novel, and exposition.   Among the said genres, the novel became the major literary vehicle for writers specially for women authors, first in France, then in England. In addition, Neoclassicism voiced the writers disdain for irrational customs and outworn institutions as evident in the satirical masterpieces of Candide (1759) and Voltaire. Among the essays produced during this time, satyrs were the most common, as writers constantly searched for ways to mirror the government and society. Philosophes flourished specially in France, with Charles de Montesquieu as one of the earliest representations of the movement. Also, a well known author was Alexander Pope who wrote   The Essay on Criticism (1711) in which he argued that a work must be evaluated according to the purpose it serves and the writers intention in it. Among the famous novels produced, Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe (1659-1731) chiefly represents the ideals made popular by the philosophes during this period. Primarily, the idea of Hobbes of going back to the primitive life is shown, which is victoriously survived by the protagonist, the protest of Voltaire and other deists against religion, and the constant search for meaning as evident in Crusoes journey to the Indies. Other novels written include Jonathan Swifts Gullivers Travels, and Samuel Richardsons Clarissa. The famous names of Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750), George Frideric Handel (1685-1759) , Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791), and Ludwig Van Beethoven (1770-1827) occupy the music arena during this period. From the works of Bach to those of Beethoven, we can sense a transformation in style and form. The early classical works specifically those of Handel were mostly grand operas and cantatas, while those of his successors were mostly symphonies and piano concertos. Although a lot of famous artists were considerably men, the arts produced during the Age of Enlightenment also recognised the image of the women in the society. Along with this, the philosophers, writers, and critics of this time considered the situation of the middle class in their writings, and criticised slavery and oppression. The period saw the rise of reform in the attitude of the people, and gave birth to French revolution and other revolutionary theories. Bibliography Hackett, Lewis, The European Dream of Progress and Enlightenment, World History Centre, 1992, retrieved 6 December 2007,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://history-world.org/age_of_enlightenment.htm. Phelan, Joseph, Jean-Antoine Houdon: Sculptor of the Enlightenment, Artcyclopedia, 2003, retrieved 7 December 2007, http://www.artcyclopedia.com/feature-2003-06.html. Stein, Perrin, Franà §ois Boucher (1703–1770), Timeline of Art History, 2003, retrieved 7 December 2007, http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/bouc/hd_bouc.htm. Pioch, Nicolas, Watteau, Jean-Antoine, Webmuseum, 2002, retrieved 7 December 2007, http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/watteau/. Rempel, Gerhard, Age of Enlightenment,   Western New English College, 2000, retrieved 7 December 2007, http://mars.wnec.edu/~grempel/courses/wc2/lectures/enlightenment.html. [1] L Hackett, The European dream of progress and enlightenment, World History Centre, 1992, retrieved 6 December 2007, http://history-world.org/age_of_enlightenment.htm. [2]  Ã‚  Ã‚   ibid. [3] N Pioch, Watteau, Jean-Antoine, Webmuseum, 2002, retrieved 7 December 2007, http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/watteau/. [4]   J Phelan, Jean-Antoine Houdon: sculptor of the enlightenment, Artcyclopedia, 2003 retrieved 7 December 2007, http://www.artcyclopedia.com/feature-2003-06.html.

Centred Counselling in Action by Dave Mearns Essay Example for Free

Centred Counselling in Action by Dave Mearns Essay Using the person centred approach, it is the counsellors ob to help the client connect with their own inner resources enabling them to find their own unique solutions. In this book the authors undertake to explain the theories and principles of person centred counselling by relating them to actual practice. The book is intended as a practical and comprehensive guide for trainee counsellors, those training them and also for established counsellors wishing to familiarise themselves with the person centred approach to counselling. Coming from the standpoint of someone Just starting out as a trainee counsellor, the writer as first attracted by the short, snappy title of Person Centred Counselling in Action. The word action hints that the work will not be a dry, difficult to read book concentrating only on the theoretical side of things but the reader will actually get to see how the process works in practice. In this regard, the book did not disappoint. -2- The main body of the book explores in some depth, the conditions (known as the core conditions) of empathy, acceptance and congruence, which are essential to the practice of the person- centred counsellor. The final three chapters draw on one articular case study showing how the core conditions are used in practice. These final chapters look at the experience from both the counsellors and the clients point of view. The writer found the contents of the book to be written in a logical fashion and in the main uses straight forward language. The writer felt that the down to earth style of writing and avoidance of Jargon made the book more accessible than some others of the same genre. Also very helpful is that as new concepts are introduced, examples of the concept being discussed are highlighted in boxes throughout the text. This helped to reinforce the writers understanding of ideas that are unfamiliar to her at this stage of her learning. One of the main themes of the book is an in-depth exploration of the three elements that make up what is referred to in person centred literature, as the core conditions. In the first chapter the book clearly states what these are as follows: The creation of a growth producing climate in a therapeutic relationship requires That the counsellor can: 1. e genuine or congruent 2. otter unconditional positive regard and total acceptance -3- 3. feel and communicate a deep empathic understanding While this statement is useful for clarity it is obvious on reading further that these conditions are not easily attained. They take commitment on the part of the counsellor to develop and maintain these attitudes and are so significant, say the authors, that not only do they have profound implications for the counsellors professional practice but also for the counsellors life as a whole. This thought makes the writer pause and reflect on how powerful the core conditions are and the words life changing spring unbidden to mind. Although in practice, the core conditions are nextricably linked, for the purposes of this review the writer has chosen to focus on the books exploration of acceptance or unconditional positive regard. The authors speak of unconditional positive regard as being an attitude held by the counsellor and give the following clear definition: Unconditional positive regard is the label given to the fundamental attitude of the person-centred counsellor towards her client. The counsellor who holds this attitude deeply values the humanity of her client and is not deflected in that valuing by any particular client behaviours. The attitude manifests itself in the counsellors onsistent acceptance of and enduring warmth towards her client. It struck the writer that although this attitude of unconditional positive regard can be viewed as highly commendable, it may also in practice, be difficult to attain. The writer agrees with the -4_ authors opinion that unconditionality cannot be guaranteed due to each counsellor being fallible, human and having personal limits. The writer however questions the authors statement that the person centred counsellor is likely to be less conditional than most other people with whom the client will relate. The writer feels hat this is a sweeping generalisation of clients relationships and may not be true. That said, the writer believes that the attitude of unconditional positive regard is one that every counsellor, irrespective of tradition, should actively seek to develop and maintain. The authors pose the question Why is unconditional positive regard important? In answer to this question a picture is drawn of a client who has been brought up to believe that it is only by meeting conditions imposed on them by significant others that they have any value. By consistently having an attitude of nconditional positive regard and by valuing the client in their own right, irrespective of conditions imposed by others, the counsellor is directly challenging the clients long held beliefs about their self- worth. The authors describe the client as being in a negative, self-defeating cycle, not expecting to be valued and relate to others by being self-protective or defensive. They may well be displaying behaviours that drive others away such as being inappropriately aggressive, not showing any feelings or perhaps withdrawing from any demanding social contact. In driving others away, the lients belief that he is unworthy or unlovable is reinforced. The authors explain that by having an attitude of unconditional positive regard, the counsellor can gradually break into the clients self- defeating cycle. Once the cycle is broken, the client -5- no longer needs to be defensive towards the counsellor. His fear reduces and an environment of trust and safety is created where the client feels able to explore what troubles him. The authors claim that not only will the client have been influenced to question conditions ot worth imposed on him and been helped to become less efensive but that somehow the client will begin to experience the counsellors attitude for himself and begin the Journey towards self-acceptance. The writer, though inexperience, agrees with the writers view that the counsellors attitude of unconditional positive regard can eventually have dramatic positive effects for the client. The writer also takes on board the authors advice to bear this dramatic effect in mind, early in the therapeutic process when the client can display a number of difficult, off-putting behaviours. There was some discussion by the authors about defensive clients. They give examples of three clients with very different problems. Mary an unkempt 45 year old lady with poor personal hygiene who is filled with self- loathing; Roger a hard-nosed 35 year old, cut-throat business man who blames his wife for all their marital problems and James a suspicious, angry 18 year old who used most of his first counselling session to verbally abuse the counsellor. It later became clear that the three clients had four things in common: 1. They all had a deep sadness, 2. Felt intensely unloved, 3. Did not love themselves and 4. Were all extremely vulnerable. The authors note that although the clients behaviours were ery different their defensiveness was acting as a shield which repelled others and hid what kind of people they really were. The -6- authors advise that unconditional positive regard means that the counsellor should not be put off by these behaviours but should continue to value the worth of the client and eventually earn the right to be given access to what lies behind the shield. The writer can imagine that it could sometimes be difficult for the counsellor to accept their client. The authors examine this problem in some depth and also give practical steps for the counsellor to take when confronted with this situation. They advise the conscious use of empathy which helps the counsellor to focus more on the client and less on her own negative feelings towards the client. Using empathy can also encourage the client to open up more and cause the counsellor to question her earlier Judgement. The authors also suggest that it would be beneficial for the counsellor to explore the matter more fully in supervision. The dislike belongs to the counsellor, say the authors and is therefore her responsibility to deal with it and not blame the client for her feelings. In the chapter on unconditional positive regard, the uthors go onto discuss in some depth other matters worthy of consideration and study such as Can the Client Accept My Acceptance? Focus on Warmth, Focus on Conditionality and Accepting the Client who loves you. Unfortunately time does not allow the writer to discuss these topics any further. The writer found the whole book very engaging and informative and would recommend the newer edition to anyone wanting to learn more about person-centred counselling. Its hands on style is very readable and gives many useful examples of the process in action. In conclusion, it does what it says on the tin! (word count 1 ,565)

Teenage Pregnancy Adverse Reproductive Outcomes Health And Social Care Essay

Teenage Pregnancy Adverse Reproductive Outcomes Health And Social Care Essay Teenage pregnancy is a critical public health issue in both the developing and developed world. It has been thought to have an intrinsic effect on the infant and maternal morbidity and mortality statistics worldwide. In its publication, the State of the Worlds Children report, UNICEF stated that worldwide over 500,00 women of all age groups die yearly and 70000 females aged 15-19 years would die during child birth [1] . Currently, evidence of causal hypothesis is conflicting and inconclusive as to whether adverse outcomes are the result of immaturity of the reproductive system or attributable to other socio-demographic characteristics of adolescents .A study demonstrated that majority of pregnant adolescents had no source of income and lacked health insurance [2] .Teenagers were also found to be more likely to be single, less educated and receive or attend insufficient antenatal care when compared with older mothers [3-5] . Fraser et al conducted a large population-based study which showed that pregnancy in adolescence was associated with an inherently increased risk for obstetric and neonatal outcomes [6] .However, some other studies demonstrated a lack of association attributing the outcome to social factors. This article aims to review, critically appraise, and synthesise evidence from original publications of observational studies on the relationship between teenage pregnancy and adverse reproductive outcomes. It focuses mainly on prematurity, low birth weight and route of delivery as there are a myriad of adverse birth outcomes-maternal: preeclampsia, anaemia, premature rupture of membranes (PROM), perineal tears, instrumental delivery, caesarean delivery and infant-related complications: prematurity, low birth weight, intrauterine growth restriction, small for gestational age, perinatal morbidity- attributable to teenage pregnancy and there is strict limitation on the article word count. Methodology: literature search and selection of studies A literature search on teenage pregnancy and adverse reproductive outcomes of primary studies published in the last 10 years was carried out .Included studies were journal articles published in the English language-this limitation confers some degree of bias to the review. Epidemiological evidence for this review is defined as observational studies- cross-sectional surveys, case-control studies, retrospective cohort studies and prospective cohort studies. Database searching of Medline (U.S. National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland) and Embase (Elsevier) was conducted using the following keyword phrases and related terms as search terms teenage pregnancy or pregnancies, adolescent pregnancy or pregnancies and pregnancy outcome, adverse reproductive outcomes and related terms(refer appendix 1). The Medline search yielded 110 articles but reviewing the abstracts showed only few of the studies met the inclusion criteria or were readily available online or in print. A similar search conducted on the Embase database yielded less promising results. Additional journal articles were located by reviewing cited references and citation tracking of some of the selected studies. The related article or similar article feature of some journals was used to identify similar studies and their abstracts were reviewed to check if they met the selection criteria. Case studies, case reports, editorials, and reviews were excluded from the search. Selection criteria To be included in this review, the selected studies had to meet the following criteria: -teenage pregnancy is defined as pregnancy in young women under 20 years -women above 35 years old were either excluded from or treated as an independent category in the study as they are known to have high obstetric risks -must demonstrate some statistical description and /or analysis of confounding variables in the association between teenage pregnancy and adverse reproductive outcomes -should have some comparative element in which teenagers are compared with a suitable reference category -outcome measures include at least two of the following: prematurity preterm delivery, Caesarean section (CS), low birth weight (LBW), infant mortality, neonatal mortality, perinatal mortality, maternal mortality, severe anaemia, preeclampsia and eclampsia -a significance assessment can be made either by using p-values or confidence intervals Table 1:Characteristics of selected studies Authors Publication year(Study period) Setting Study design Sample size Age of teenage subjects(years) Outcome measures of interest Confounding variables considered Other study characteristics Ekwo and Moawad [3] 2000(1989-1995) U.S.A Hospital based retrospective cohort 6,072 3 groups-=15,16-17,18-19 20-24 as reference group Preterm birth, low birth weight Maternal smoking, drug abuse, insurance status, adequacy of prenatal care, median family income, marital status Primaparous black women , singleton pregnancies Bukulmez et al [7] 2000(1990-1998) Turkey Hospital-based matched case-control study 4,470(1,490 cases,3980 controls) Cases:15-19 controls:20-34 stratified during analysis as =17,18-19,20-34 Low birth weight, preterm delivery, pregnancy induced hypertension(preeclampsia, eclampsia),LBW, Antenatal care, gravidity, parity, Singleton pregnancies, subjects matched on marital status, socioeconomic class and ethnicity-white married women of high social status Jolly et al [4] 2000(1988-1997) United Kingdom Hospital based retrospective cohort 341,708

roman myth :: essays research papers

* Stars *   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A long time ago in the deep dark forest of Astrum lived two brothers named Josephus and Tomas. These two brothers were always getting in trouble, trying to outdo each other. The two were always in competition against one another. When one jumped, the other had to jump twice as high.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One day their competitiveness had gone too far. As usual they could be found in the field romping and playing. This day was like no other though. The two brothers were playing with rocks and were seeing who could throw theirs the furthest. Josephus went first and threw his rock high and far. It landed on the other side of the field. Next was Tomas. He got ready to throw the rock and launched it across the sky. It went further and further into the deep forest, when all of a sudden they heard the sound of glass breaking. The two ran through the forest to see where the glass shattered. When they saw what had broken they were extremely scared. The window to their house had a big hole from the rock. Afraid what there parents would say; they tried to think of ways to fix it. To their dismay they could not think of anything.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Later that day when the boy’s parents saw what happened, they called them in to have a talk. The two parents were at wit’s end about what to do with the boys. They were always very mischievous which only led to more trouble. When the parents could not think of any solutions to their problem they decided to talk to someone else.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The parents went to Zeus in search of help. When they described their conundrum to him he thought he should have a talk with the two. When he went down to their house the boys were intimidated when they saw him. He told them to sit down and after his command they sat right down. He talked to them telling them that if they don’t behave like proper boys soon, there would be big repercussions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The boys took heed to his warning and started to behave better. After awhile the parents were amazed at how well the boys were doing. Zeus checked up on the boys, and was also very pleased that the boys listened to his warning. Zeus was so happy that he sent the two boys gifts to show them he was proud.

EarthQuakes Essay example -- essays research papers fc

Earthquakes Earthquakes, one of the most destructive natural phenomena, consist of rapid vibrations of rock near the earth's surface. Because of their unpredictable occurrence and enormous capacity of destruction, they have brought fear to mankind since ancient times. A single shock usually lasts no more than a few seconds, but a series of smaller quakes may last for as long as five minutes. The quake felt on the surface is always the result, not the cause of some underground geologic process, and in many cases the damage done is immense. The Greek word for shaking, and (when applied to the earth) earthquake, is seismos. Therefore, the science of earthquakes is called seismology (World Book Dictionary 1985). Earthquakes have been recorded as early as 526 A.C., but seismology is comparatively new. Until the 18th century, few accurate descriptions of earthquakes were recorded, and little was known about what caused them. When seismology was introduced it was learned that many earthquakes are the result of sea floor spreading, but most are caused by volcanic eruptions and plate tectonics. The plate tectonic theory explains that the earth is made up of 20 different plates that are always moving slowly past each other. This action pulls and compacts the plates, creating intense forces that cause the plates to break. This, in turn, causes earthquakes. The energy released then travels along fault lines in seismic waves (World Book Encyclopedia). Seismic waves are either P-waves (primary), or S-waves (secondary). P-waves create a relatively low wave train and arrive at the surface first. On the surface they create a push-pull effect, thus moving the surface up and down. Their low amplitude and vertical movement create an effect much like a dangling slinky. S-waves arrive second and are much more damaging. The high amplitude of S-waves, combined with their horizontal movement cause crippling effects on the earth’s surface and man made structures (Watkins, Bottino, and Morisawa 30-32). Earthquakes occur around us all the time. Most are too small to notice and cause little to no damage. However, every so often large earthquakes do occur. Large earthquakes leave catastrophic damage a... ...On shifting ground p.17-19) Earthquakes that occur in the area surrounding the Pacific Ocean, at the edges of the Pacific plate, are responsible for an average of 80 percent of the energy released in earthquakes worldwide. Japan is shaken by more than 1000 tremors greater than 3.5 in magnitude each year. The western coasts of North and South America are very also active earthquake zones, with several thousand small to moderate earthquakes each year. (U.S.G.S.) Intraplate earthquakes are less frequent than plate boundary earthquakes, but they are still caused by the internal fracturing of rock masses. The New Madrid, Missouri, earthquakes of 1811 and 1812 were extreme examples of intraplate seismic events. Scientists estimate that the three main earthquakes of this series were about magnitude 8.0 and that there were at least 1500 aftershocks. (The ocean of truth p.67-69) Bibliography "Earthquake† World Book Encyclopedia. Vol. 6. 1987. "Seismos." World Book Dictionary. Vol. L-Z. Ed. Barnhart, Clarence L., and Robert K. Barnhart. 1987 Watkins, Joel s., Michael L. Bottino, and Marie Morisawa. Our Geological Environment. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company, 1975.

Cognitive Development in Infants Essay -- Child Development

This paper is going to carry out a literature review on cognitive development in infants. The paper will review cognitive development in infants at different stages. Effects of early experience on mental development in infants will also be discussed. The research question and the hypothesis of the research will also be given. Keywords: infants, development, experience Cognitive Development in Infants Introduction Advancement made in regard to cognitive neuroscience has enabled a better understanding of the cognitive processes in infants. Studies have indicated that cognitive development in infants starts before they are born. In the eighth week of pregnancy, fetuses have the ability to hear. They become accustomed to their mothers’ voice and voices of close family members, fetuses also have the ability of listening to music. After they are born, millions of neurons interconnect in their brain, which enable them to think and learn. Scientists have established that experiences of infants in terms of touch, sight and perception in the first years of their existence, has the potential of affecting their brain development in the later years (Goswami, 1993, p. 157). This literature review is going to examine cognitive development in infants and how early experiences affects cognitive development. Cognitive Development in Infants Cognitive development is a term used to refer to the process through which infants or children develop language, thinks, gain knowledge, and solve problems. For example, when infants identify colors or differentiate things, they are performing cognitive tasks. Infants normally learn through interactions with objects and people, in addition to their senses. When infants interact with their world and ... ...ackwell handbook of childhood cognitive development. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub. Goswami, U. (1993). Cognitive development: the learning brain. Hove, East Sussex: Psychology Press. Galton Institute. (2001). Perceptual cognitive development. Los Angeles, CA: Galton Institute. Gauvain, M. (2006). The social context of cognitive development. New York, NY: Guilford Press. Nelson, K. (2001). Language in cognitive development: emergence of the mediated mind. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge Univ. Press. Oakley, L. (2004). Cognitive Development. New York, NY: Routledge. Ruffin, N. J. (2009). Understanding Growth and Development Patterns of Infants. Virginia Cooperative Extension. Retrieved April, 17, 2012 http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/350/350-053/350-053.html Wachs, T. D., & Gruen, G. E. (2006). Early experience and human development. New York, NY: Plenum Pr.

Willie Loman as a Tragic Hero

Aristotle’s definition for a tragic hero is one who is not in control of his own fate, but instead is ruled by the gods in one fashion or another.   The tragic hero for Aristotle is tragic because of their lack of control or will in the face of their predetermined future and downfall.   In comparing Arthur Miller’s tragic hero of Death of a Salesman (Willy Loman) and his seeming lack of control in his own fate. This paper will expound upon Loman’s tragic flaw, his change of fate in the plot starting from good and going to worse.   Also, in defining and finding the correct terms in which to define the tragic hero Loman has a great tragic flaw (hamartia) which is his devil may care attitude at the beginning of the story, to the despondency and stagnation of hope that meets him at the end of the story.   Miller’s work analysis will be derived from Greg Johnson’s book Perrine's literature : structure, sound and sense.   As Arp and Johnson state, â€Å"Where tragic protagonist possess overpowering individuality so the plays are often named after them.   (i.e. Oedipus Rex, Othella), comic protagonist tend to be types of individuals, and the plays in which they appear are often named after the type, (i.e. Moliers, The Miser, Congreves, The Double Dealer). We judge tragic protagonist by absolute moral standards, by how far they soar above society.   We judge comic protagonist by social standards, by how well they adjust to society and conform to the expectations of the group† (1308) This is the dichotomy for Willy Loman, the tragic irony, the drama, and Willy Loman’s protagonist stance in a comic viewing. As John Jones (1962) states in On Aristotle and Greek Tragedy with an excerpt from Aristotle’s The Ideal Tragic Hero, â€Å"The well constructed plot must, therefore, have a single issue, and not (as some maintain) a double. The change of fortune must not be from bad to good but the other way round, from good to bad; and it must be caused, not by wickedness, but by some great error [hamartia] on the part of a man such as we have described, or of one better, not worse, than that† (13). This excerpt is the pivotal movement that changes Loman from a man who has hard luck, to the pinnacle of being a tragic hero in which he suffers from hamartia.   For Willy Loman, his reality isn’t primarily attributed to ego; he knows where he is, what he is, but his tragic flaw is accounted for in the pitfall of banal acceptance.   Willy Loman doesn’t try to change anything, but is caught up in mediocrity, and essentially blind to anything with a silver lining. As Harold Bloom (1991) writes in Willy Loman with an excerpt by Thomas Lask and his writing How Do You Like Willy Loman (New York Times, January 1966), â€Å"Yet, to my mind, Willy represents all those who are trapped by false values, but who are so far on in life, that they do not know how to escape them. They are men on the wrong track and know it. They are among those who, when young, felt they could move mountains and now do not even see those mountains. Aristotle said the tragic hero must be neither all good nor all evil, but rather a median figure. Everything about him is paltry except his battle to understand and escape from the pit he has dug for himself. In this battle he achieves a measure of greatness. In the waste of his life, his fate touches us all† (60). In Willy’s acceptance of his own commonness is his own personal flaw.   He doesn’t strive to be any better but allows himself to dully, and almost dutifully accept that he’s a dime a dozen.   Susan C. W. Abbotson (1999) states in Understanding Death of a Salesman, â€Å"Pursuing the dream of middle-class status and success, Willy does everything he thinks a good salesman is supposed to do. He smiles, he tells jokes, he hustles women receptionists. But Willy's talents are ordinary at best, and his value in the market is marginal† (212).   This is Willy’s great error. His mediocrity is a compromise to his once great dreams.   Even in the common man’s world he doesn’t stand out as unique or special; his flaw is in his power to be invisible.   No one seems to care in his existence and for Willy Loman, this realization in turn makes him not care about his own existence in a way, toward the end of the play at least, when his hope is close to banished.   This small sentiment can be found in a few muttered lines from Willy, â€Å"I’ve always tried to think otherwise, I guess.   I always felt that if a man was impressive, and well like, that nothing-â€Å"(97).   This sums up Loman’s fate; his drowning enthusiasm pitted against an uncaring cast of characters. With Oedipus this is the same; his tragic hero status is ensured by his unwillingness to exist as a partial man; without knowing his origins, without knowing his true identity.   While Loman is realizing that he has no identity he thus becomes a tragic hero, for Oedipus when he discovers his true identity, therein lies his status as a tragic hero.   He realizes his ego got in the way of his life.   His ego was his ruin. Willy Loman’s view of the world breaks when he loses his job.   Loman faces the world as no ordinary common man but also an invisible entity left to make no difference on the face of the earth while Oedipus is bereaved of his position and would rather not have lived (or seen what he had accomplished) because of the things he has done.   As Arthur Miller states in Perrine’s Literature, â€Å"Whoever heard of a Hastings small R refrigerator? Once in my life I would like to own, something outright before its broken! I’m always in a race with the junkyard! I just finished paying for the car and it’s on its last legs.   The refrigerator consumes belts like a Goddamn maniac.   They time those things.   They time them so when you finally paid for them they’re used up† (1586). This is the truth behind the tragic hero Loman.  Ã‚   The paradox for Loman as a tragic hero is in Aristotle’s definition of a tragic hero; he’s doomed to failure. In conclusion, Loman began his story with an aplomb of luck, or ego, or a rosy view of the world, and his story ends with destruction:   Loman is hit by a car.   The connotation here is that Loman was blind in the beginning of Miller’s play, but not really in the second act.   Loman has dwindling faith in himself and reality.   Loman survived in life under false pretences, thus he suffers from his one flaw; blindness. Works Cited Arp, Thomas R & Greg Johnson.   Perrine’s Literature: Structure, Sound and Sense.   Heinle & Heinle /Thomson Learning, 2002, 8th edition. Bloom, Harold,   ed.   Willy Loman. New York: Chelsea House, 1991. Hamilton, Victoria. Narcissus and Oedipus: The Children of Psychoanalysis. London: Karnac Books, 1993 Jones, John. On Aristotle and Greek Tragedy. New York: Oxford University Press, 1962. Miller, Arthur.   Death of a Salesman.   Penguin Books, New York, 1949. Murphy, Brenda, and Susan C. W. Abbotson. Understanding Death of a Salesman A Student Casebook to Issues, Sources, and Historical Documents. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1999. Sophocles.   Oedipus the King. Oedipus at Colonus.   Antigone.   Ed. David Greene and Richmond Lattimore.   Random House, New York, 1942.

Araling Panlipunan Essay

The Human Poverty Index (HPI) was an indication of the standard of living in a country, developed by the United Nations (UN) to complement the Human Development Index (HDI) and was first reported as part of the Human Development Report in 1997. It was considered to better reflect the extent of deprivation in developed countries compared to the HDI.[1] In 2010 it was supplanted by the UN’s Multidimensional Poverty Index. The HPI concentrates on the deprivation in the three essential elements of human life already reflected in the HDI: longevity, knowledge and a decent standard of living. The HPI is derived separately for developing countries (HPI-1) and a group of select high-income OECD countries (HPI-2) to better reflect socio-economic differences and also the widely different measures of deprivation in the two groups The Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM) is the United Nations Development Programme’s attempt to measure the extent of gender inequality across the globe’s countries, based on estimates of women’s relative economic income, participations in high-paying positions with economic power, and access to professional and parliamentary positions. In 1995 in the Human Development Report commissioned by the United Nations Development Program set-out to create two new measurement indices for measuring development. Their aim was to add to the Human Development Index by way of including a gender dimension in the measure. They were created in order to rival the traditional income-focused measures of development such as the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and the Gross National Product (GNP). Haq, the first director of the Human Development Report Office, established several principles for the newly emerging measure including provisions that it had to be simple, had to be represented as a single number, had to be easily calculated, had to yield numbers that were internationally comparable, had to use numbers available on a yearly basis and had to use numbers that were easily interpretable. The resulting measures that were created were the Gender-related Development Index (GDI) and the Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM). The GEM, the more specialized of the two, is focused on indicating the relative empowerment of women in a given country.