Sophomore Year and College Admissions A Timeline

Is Oedipus a Victim of Fate Essay - 962 Words

Fate the un-avoidable Throughout the vast history of literature, various concepts have come and gone. The idea of fate or fatalism has been a concept that has survived the test of time. Numerous characters have succumbed to the power of fate and the character of Oedipus from Sophocles’ Oedipus the King is a prime example of the vast power of fate within literature. Sophocles effectively depicts the wrath of fate as he portrays how Oedipus fell victim to fate and his efforts to disregard fate were futile. Once again fate manages to triumph and displays no character whether king or slave can avoid its gaze. One can attempt to change his or her fate. Numerous beings have put their entire lives into avoiding fate. Even if the strength†¦show more content†¦This denial would sprout into an utter defiance of fate by Oedipus and the final result would not be in his favour. Wisdom is an attribute that can be utilized in numerous ways. The most important aspect of the usage of wisdom is whether it benefits or harms the user. During the play a key line is said by the character Tiresias, the local prophet. When called upon by Oedipus, Tiresias states, â€Å"Wisdom is a dreadful thing when it brings no profit to its possessor†. This is a very significant statement. It clearly defines the situation Oedipus puts himself through. Oedipus’s lust for knowledge and thirst for admiration by his subjects spells his own demise. Through constant pressuring by Oedipus, Tiresias reveals Oedipus was the one who killed Laius. It seems Oedipus brought upon his own fate through the pestering of Tiresias. The unaccounted factor is the reason for Oedipus’s actions. Fate is responsible for a series of plagues that have engulfed Thebes and have situated Oedipus in a scenario where he must find the killer of Laius to undo the plagues. The forcefulness of Oe dipus is fuelled by fate ensuring Oedipus has a viable reason to obtain knowledge no matter the consequence. Once again Oedipus is inadvertently on fates path which only harm him by its end. Chance is a very interesting concept. The belief things happen unknowingly and by mere luck. In the play chance is over shadowed by fate, a pre-determined destiny. A prime example ofShow MoreRelatedOedipus Victim Of Fate Essay876 Words   |  4 PagesIs Oedipus a victim of fate or does he possess free will? Explain your reasoning. Do you think free will is a reality or an allusion? I find Oedipus to be a victim of fate rather than having free will. â€Å"()†. Free will could be seen to be more of an illusion than a reality. People and society like to make you think you have control over your own life while in you really do not. While it seems he could have tried harder maybe vowing to never sleep with a women or to never kill a man but is whatRead MoreOedipus the King: A Victim of Fate Essay956 Words   |  4 PagesOedipus the King would not have been successful throughout centuries as a tragic play, if Oedipus were clearly responsible for his own tragedy. The plays ongoing success was do to Oedipus innocence which immediately makes one think he can not be fully responsible and to blame. I do not believe Sophocles would have wrote the story, or I do not think people would have ever read it or studied it had it simply been a story of a criminals retribution. Sophocles himself believed Oedipus to be the innocentRead MoreOedipus: Tragic Hero or Victim of Fate1379 Words   |  6 Pagesthat can be translated as tragic flaw, or more simply, error in judgment. Upon close inspection of Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex, however, it appears as if Oedipus’ downfall was a result of the will of the gods and not a consequence of his â€Å"tragic flaw.† Therefore, in regards to Aristotle’s guidelines, can Oedipus truly be considered a tragic hero? At the beginning of the play, Oedipus is largely confident, and with good reason. He has recently freed Thebes from the curse of the Sphinx and has achievedRead More Destiny, Fate, Free Will and Free Choice in Oedipus the King - Victim of Fate3445 Words   |  14 PagesThe Victim of Fate in Oedipus Rex The question has been raised as to whether Oedipus was a victim of fate or of his own actions.   This essay will show that Oedipus was a victim of fate, but he was no puppet because he freely and actively sought his doom, although he was warned many times of the inevitable repercussions of his actions. When first considering this topic, I speculated that maybe it was the destiny of Oedipus to suffer, but a friend asked me to explain why Oedipus, in theRead MoreOedipus: Victim of Fate or He Deserves What He Got? Essay538 Words   |  3 PagesFate is the development of events beyond a persons control, regarded as determined by a supernatural power. It is a very common theme used in literature. We’ve seen examples from stories such as: Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet and Iliad. We’ve been reading Oedipus the King written by Sophocles. My main thesis that I would be talking about is if: Oedipus was actually a victim of fate, or did he deserve what he got. In my opinion, Oedipus does not deserve what he got and is a victim ofRead MoreOedipus Fate Essay956 Words   |  4 Pagestragedy, Oedipus the King, fate is a predetermined course of events and is also an important factor that caused Oedipus’s downfall. Oedipus is ultimately a victim of his own fate because, despite his and Jocasta’s efforts, he could not escape the prophecies. Though others say that Oedipus created his own fate because he had the free will to handle the prophecies in becoming his own outcome, in the end, there was no chance that Oedipus could escape the prophecies. It was the fate for Oedipus gettingRead MoreOedipus the King by Sophocles1393 Words   |  6 Pages Sophocles’ play, Oedipus the King, has risen many questions concerning the main character and whether or not he acts on free will or if his future is predestined by the gods. I am going to test the theory that although Oedipus believes he is acting on his own free will, he is in fact a victim of the gods. I will analyze several different sources that discuss fate and human agency in Oedipus the King and then proceed to build my original argument on the archaic debate. There has been a great dealRead MoreWas Oedipus Responsible For His Own Fate?1384 Words   |  6 Pages Was Oedipus responsible for his own fate? Oedipus, the King Harmanjot Singh Parmar, 578087686 Vancouver Island University Author note This paper was prepared for Liberal studies, Section 250, taught by Mark Blackell Oedipus-the king is a true Greek novel in all sense. It is a tragedy at heart and explores variousRead MoreOedipus: the Mysteries of Fate869 Words   |  4 PagesOedipus: The Mysteries of Fate Robert Choi Among the first thing a historian discovers in his study of early civilization are records of peoples belief, or faith, in powers greater than themselves, and their desire to understand what causes these powers to act. People everywhere wonder about the marvelous things in the sky and on the earth. What makes the rain? How do the plants and animals live and grow and die? Why are some people lucky and others unlucky? Some believe in free will whileRead MoreOedipus Rex : A Tragic Hero882 Words   |  4 Pagesbelief in many gods. They believed that the gods would guide them and that everyone was destined to live out their fates. In the case of Oedipus Rex, fate drove him into a downfall. Oedipus Rex is a part of the great Sophoclean play, written by Sophocles. Sophocles wrote this story to exemplify a tragic hero, he uses specific character flaws to explain the downfall of his hero. Oedipus is a perfect tragic hero because his early life forces the audience to admire as a privilege young man and also pity

The Melodies That Made Me free essay sample

Dressed upin my Halloween costume a week, before it was even Halloween my five-year-old self ready to leave for a concert. This was my first concert. We drove downtown to the Denver Performing Arts Center; everywhere I looked I saw people in Halloween costumes flocking towards the Boettcher Concert Hall, where the Colorado Symphony was performing. I do not remember much about the concert exceptthat I really enjoyed it. That year we went back to more symphony concerts, the appearance of Santa and Mrs.Claus running down the aisle right next to me during the Christmas concert made that one my favorite. Soon, going to the symphony became a tradition. In elementary school we had three different specials: art, gym, and music. My favorite was always music, I loved that we got to sing, play rhythmic games, and play instruments. In fourth grade I joined the Choir at my school.I loved to sing . We will write a custom essay sample on The Melodies That Made Me or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Fifth grade came and I started playing the flute. I loved band, learning how to make music with a flute was my favorite part of the day. Flash forward to high school, where the opportunities to perform and be involved in music were abundant: marching band, concert band, choir, show choir, and musical are just a few examples. I fell in love with music and performing several times and continue to fall in love to this day. When I first heard the Colorado Symphony play spooky Halloween songs, when I was sitting in music class, hearing the applause after performing, the firstnoise that come out of my flute, are some of the moments I fell in love. I am the person I am today because of this love.Marching band is a big time commitment. From the beginning of August until the end of October bandpractices for more than ten hours a week.I take honors level and AP courses; juggling my homework load, marching band, a job, book club, and whatever life throws at me has taught me how to manage my time. In marching band â€Å"early† is on time, â€Å"on time† is late, and â€Å"late† is dead. That lesson has carried over into other areas of my life, leading me to be a very punctual person. In choir and band we set goals, we are always working toward something: a concert, a competition, a score, etc. Iamvery goal oriented because of this. I like to set goals for myself, if I do not know what I am working toward or why I am doing something it’s hard to do the work. My goals motivate me. I hope to live a life that will be fulfilling and filled with happiness. Going to college is the first step towards finding a c areer that will make me feel fulfilled and finding something that will make me happy. I am very dedicated; if I say I’m going to do something I do it and I give it all that I can. If I have a rehearsal or performance of some type I will do everything in my power to be there. I got concert tickets for my birthday, but ended up skipping the concert because I had marching band. Without music in my life I would not be the dedicated, hardworking, goal-oriented person that I am today. I have learned so many lessons from music and performing and these 650 words don’t do justice to what music has given me. I am thankful to my Grandma for taking me to the Colorado Symphony when I was little, and for all the music teachers that I have had ; it is because of them that I fell in love with music and became who I am today.

Sexuality Essays - Gender, Interpersonal Relationships,

Sexuality As Process The aim of this essay, is to try and establish if sexuality, is an innate biological process that takes place as a result of our genetic make-up or wether sexuality is a result of our cultural back ground and the environment in which we are raised. These two differing theories are known as the nature/nurture debate, nature representing the biological theory for our sexuality and nurture representing environmental influences for our behaviour. The first part of the essay, will focus on the biological side of our sexuality and will put forward theories by Barnard, Hamer and Young, who will argue the point, that our sexuality is established at the foetal stage of our development. It is at this early stage of life, that genes carry specific information about who we are. A gene is a unit of hereditary that our sexuality is established through and the genes determine the biological characteristics of an individual, both physically and mentally. The essay will then give further evidence that our sexuality is biologically driven, by describing the changes our bodies undergo when we reach puberty, changes that are triggered by hormonal transitions. Hormones are chemical messengers, they send massages from glands around the body, which triggers a response in other parts of our anatomy. The essay will give evidence that, hormones are a biological indicator that we are biologically driven towards our sexuality. The second part of the essay will argue that, sexuality is greatly influenced by environmental factors, environmental factors such as rearing styles and differing cultural practises. It will look at different societies and the way in which they perceive sexuality and argue that sexuality is learned through a combination of expected social norms and observational learning, giving evidence from Bandura, Mead and Money along the way. Finally the essay will look at the evidence that has been put forward and sum up what has been debated, it will then draw a conclusion. From the point of conception, human beings are made up of 46 chromosomes, 23 male and 23 female. After insemination, paternal and maternal chromosomes fuse, this fusion determines the sex of the child. The amalgamation of two X chromosomes creates a female child, while the combination of X and Y chromosomes, leads to the development of a male offspring. Each chromosome contains thousands genes and each gene contains specific information about how part of the body will be formed. Genes are responsible for almost every aspect of the human body, from hair colour to the development of our organs, organs like the brain and it is within the brain were the biggest changes take place when our bodies under go their sexual metamorphous, during sexual maturation. When we reach sexual maturity, we have our first insight into our sexuality, an insight which is genetically programmed into our consciousness through our DNA, this theory is supported by the work of hamer et al ( 1993) who conducted a study of male sexual orientation. "Hamer examined 40 pairs of gay brothers. He examined 22 genetic markers distributed across the X chromosome in order to see if brothers concordant for homosexuality, were also concordant for the markers. He found that the chromosomal region of xq28, at the tip of the long arm of the X chromosome, 33 of the 40 pairs of brothers shared all the markers. This was statistically different from the expected rate (20 out of 40) suggesting that the gene influencing male sexual orientation, lies within that chromosomal region" In this study, Hamer along with many other fellow geneticists, is claiming that he has found the gene which dictates our sexual orientation, therefore genes are a precursor to our sexuality and our sexuality is decided at an anatomical level in the womb. Whilst in the womb, it seems that our sexuality is being pre programmed by our genes but there are other biological developments taking place, namely the formation of our hormones, hormones which will lie dormant until the onset of puberty. "The hypothalamus an important co-ordinating centre in the brain, signals the onset of puberty. The hypothalamus stimulates a gland just below it, the pituitary, to secrete hormones (chemical messengers carried in the blood). These are carried to other hormonal secreting glands. In their turn these release other hormones which regulate physical growth and development" (DR Christian Barnard. 1981) The two main hormones released at sexual maturity are testosterone for males and oestrogen for females. When Testosterone is distributed throughout the sexually maturing male, his testes will enlarge and begin producing sperm. His body will begin to

EUTHANASIA To Help or Hinder essays

EUTHANASIA To Help or Hinder essays Personally, I disagree with euthanasia. I don't think God intended for man to decide when, where, and how to take Sometimes we as humans feel we are helping others and in actuality end up hurting more than anything. A prime example is Dr. Kevorkian. Kevorkian assisted approximatley thirty people with euthanasia. He and his patients thought they were helping to end a life of pain and misery. In reality, they left behind more pain and misery than peace. I think it was morally wrong to let Kevorkian kill all those people because had he been a minority, with society being the way it is today, he would have been arrested after the first few acts of euthanasia. But because Kevorkian is viewed as a powerful white male he was allowed to "get awat with" numerous euthanasia killings. I thought this to be very inhumane seeing that after he assisted the people in dying, he dropped their bodies off at different hospitals. To me, this is like someone dropping garbage off at a waste site. That does't seem very caring or humane to me. It looks like you're just out for the financial rewards to be obtained as a result of a Another point that makes me curious about Kevorkian and doctors like him is that the American Medical Association does not honor or acknowledge them. Personally, I wouldn't want anyone like this assisting me with any medical matter. There were several patients who did not give Kevorkian permission to perform euthanasia, but he did anyway. These people's rights were violated. If they were like a lot of terminally ill people, they aren't able to consent to anything. If these people are in this condition, how can you help them? You can't even determine if they want your help or not. It is not up to another human to determine the fate of someone else. Because of this god-like pratice, we need laws passed against euthanasia before it is uncontrolla...

Even, Yet, and Still

Even, Yet, and Still Even, Yet, and Still Even, Yet, and Still By Maeve Maddox Until recently I thought that the pleonasm even still was to be found only in the uncertain writings of college freshmen. Then I read this in the current issue of my favorite writers magazine: Traditionally published books get the nice displays, posters and extra attention from store managers. Even still, many of the titles end up in the bargain bin. I did a Google search and found millions of examples of the wretched expression. It seems to be especially popular in the titles of songs, poems, and blogs. Here are some examples: . even still, Id happily do it all over again. even still, Safari sucks. Even still we lose our way Is Anyone Even Still Blogging Anymore? At the risk of beating a dead horse, Ill try to explain why even still does not belong in careful writing. As adverbs modifying comparatives, the words are virtually interchangeable: She is even happier today than she was yesterday. She is still happier today than she was yesterday. Fans want still more details of their favorite celebrities. Fans want even more details If the expression is intended to mean still, then still is enough: Is anyone still blogging? If it is intended to mean yet, then yet or one of its synonyms should serve: nevertheless, however, notwithstanding: Nevertheless, Id happily do it all over again. Notwithstanding, Safari sucks. Nevertheless, we lose our way. That being said, sometimes the words even and still can come together correctly when the even is being used as an intensifier and the still is an adverb of time: Do they even still make Zima? Why Hilary is even still in the race†¦. Finally, heres a dilly of a headline that Ill leave to our readers to sort out: Yet Even Still More U.S. Presidential Election Maps Already Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Idioms About Numbers5 Lessons for Mixing Past and Present Tense10 Functions of the Comma

Bibliography on e-commerce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Bibliography on e-commerce - Essay Example In doing so, it also illustrates those elements of the business cycle that may prove difficult as smaller businesses begin to grow and the efforts being taken to try to meet those needs. Ted Kemp provides a quick basics approach to how to market goods online effectively without necessarily investing in some of the more expensive retailing software and expertise available. In his discussion, he points out some of the more important elements of a website’s appeal to online consumers, including what to place on the main page, how to encourage shoppers to purchase and providing some examples of online retailers that have effectively employed these tactics. Megna, Michelle. (January 15, 2008). â€Å"How to Choose Tools that Customize Online Shopping.† E-Commerce Guide.com. Available January 16, 2008 from Michelle Megna provides a comprehensive summary of a Forrester Research study into the concept of e-tail personalization. This refers to the various software tools available to online marketers that provide automatic personalization for consumers in bringing them product offerings customized to their interests and shopping behaviors. While these tools have often been underutilized because of the sheer complexity of the process, the study reveals that they have become much simpler to deploy, more flexible for the marketer and customizable in terms of how merchandisers might wish to cross-sell their products. Pankaj Kamthan outlines some of the major risks inherent in e-commerce that have caused problems in the past. While some of these issues have been addressed through more updated software since the article was written, the concerns that were raised by these issues remain valid. This is because hackers have become more sophisticated in keeping with the software and because consumers may retain concerns based upon these issues. Valentine, Lisa. (December 6, 2007). â€Å"One

Supply chain management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Supply chain management - Essay Example The practice is used in rating the sustainable practices of retail stores and super markets. Reports shows that food sold in UK is made to travel for 65% more than the distance travelled in the last two decades. Since imports are cheaper and more bountiful when brought in from third world countries, local nearby farms are being forced out of business (Stancu, 2006). A critical reading of Stancu (2006) shows that the supermarket can become more environmentally friendly if it developed the system of procuring as many items as possible from nearby farms. By sourcing from nearby farms, a lot of carbon emission is avoided in the form of fuel consumption, packaging, pollution from vehicles, wastage on the road, etc. It is an accepted fact that organisation can do more to save the environment by buying local products than anything else. Items such as fruit, vegetables, meat and dairy products and other such items can be procured locally. It may not be possible to procure all items from loca l markets. However, efforts can be taken to procure then from the same district or even from within the country. Not only will the supermarket help to reduce the carbon emission but it will also take concrete steps to achieve corporate social responsibility. This is the best way to achieve sustainability. References Stancu, C., 2006. Food Miles – the international debate and implications for New Zealand exporters.

Video games and Kids Essay Example for Free

Video games and Kids Essay Video games have a positive and negative effect on kids. Video games affect the kids health, for example lead to cardiovascular implication. Also affect their education when affecting their cognition. Others video games effects on kids are when affecting their social and behaviors. Parents need to involve and regulate their children‘s gaming habit. Video games attribute in big portion in kids behavior. Video game affect kids negatively could be a good reason to make a kid violent and make him a killer. According to Anderson, Craig A at â€Å"Violent Video Games and Other Media Violence† he said that video game. Video games affect kids and make theme violent. When the kids consume a lot of violent materiel, he gets confuse between the reality and the fantasy. The kids think that hitting, kicking are allowed in real life. According to Anderson, Craig A, he sees in his essay â€Å"Violent Video Games and Other Media Violence (Part 1)† that the player needs to distinguish between fantasy and real violence. AS result, the player exposes his violence toward his surrounding and become violent. Anderson suggest at the same essay that video games are not only the cause for violence, but others effect as biological, neighborhood and family could attribute in this violence. Video games affect kids’ education and learning. Kids spend more time in playing rather than finishing their school tasks. As consequence, they have a poor grade and low knowledge. According to KIRA BAILEY in his study â€Å"A negative association between video game experience and proactive cognitive control† he said that after the three studies indicate that high levels of video consumption may be associated with a reduction in the efficiency of those processes supporting cognitive control that arise from interactions between anterior cingulated and lateral frontal cortex. Video games affect kids ‘health in too many ways. According to Dorman, Steve M. in his study â€Å"Video and computer games: Effect on children and implications for health education. † First: Cardiovascular Implications is consequence of less activity, because in USA children adopt sedentary lifestyle at early age and they prefer play video games rather than involving in different sport or other physical activities. Video games affect kid’s behavior and social life. According to Messerly, John G, â€Å"How Computer Games Affect CS (and other) Students’ School Performance;† He said: My methodology was simple: I asked students— all computer science majors in an undergraduate program—whether they knew someone whose scholastic or social life had been harmed by computer games. About 90% answered affirmatively, describing students whose fascination chained them to their apartments or dorm rooms for days, weeks, even semesters. Many admitted to having or having had this problem themselves. The effect Is exacerbated by so-called role-playing games like Age of Kings, Dark Age of Camelot, and Ever quest, with addictive power so great some call it Ever-crack. Players create characters and alter egos in cyberspace living out their personal fantasies, usually by adopting the traits they believe they lack in the real world. My informal surveys suggest there is something particularly addictive, if not sinister, about role-playing. (29) Video games have a positive effect on kids. Video games could be a good way to motivate kids. For example, be a good motivate for the kids to finish their duties. Kids could be reward with extra play time, or earn their video games after finishing their tasks. Also a good choice of video games, like challenging games could make kids smart when learning about different subject. Video games could be a good help in kids education. According to Annetta, Leonard A. â€Å"Video Games in Education: Why they should be used and how they are being used. † In her essay, she mentions that the games are not limited in played, but they could be a good explanation for real life. Kids get new information in the virtual world of video games without really knowing that they‘re learning. Anneta , Leonard mentions in her other essay â€Å" Video Games AND Simulation AS Teaching Tools†. She says that the enticement of video games can be used to enhance K-12 education. Also the use of video games could replace a traditional teaching. She gives North Carolina State University (NSCU) as example, because they encourage video games as a supplement to normal instruction. Also she says that virtual-learning environments being introduce to school through (Innovative Gaming Networks In Teacher Education), a synchronous, online graduate course1 and through HI FIVES (Highly Interactive Fun Internet Virtual Environment in Science2. Video games play a big role in health field, strange but true. According to Healthcare Financial Management â€Å"Video Games: Good for your Health†. The games helping in health are: * Games for rehabilitation and therapy which aid balance and mobility in Parkinson’s patients, others used as a â€Å"distraction device† to control pain and stress. * Exergaming which incorporate physical activity, such workout game, or games that make you move to get to the target, for example, kinnect. * Games for major healthcare provider: Insurance companies met to discuss ways to use videogame technology to solve critical healthcare challenges. Additionally, a team of graduate students at Carnegie Mel- Ions Entertainment Technology Center has developed a game called Project ER, designed to lower stress for 60,000 children who visit the EDs of Pittsburgh Medical Centers each year. During a test run, the team gathered considerable research on how to deploy such systems in healthcare settings. * The rise in games for first responders and medical professionals: One new game system allows health professionals to interact with 3-D simulations of emergency healthcare environments. Additionally, an online, multiplayer game trains physicians to communicate more effectively with their patients. Parents need to be aware of the video games danger. And also need to take advantage of the good side of the technology and guide their kids. According to website (media-awareness. ca/english/parent/video games/index. cfm) Amy Phillips says in her essay â€Å"Console video games† that the video games encourages teamwork, increase self-confidence and improve hand and eye coordination, but in negative side the kids could have trouble distinguishing fantasy from reality in the games. According to the website, the parents need to involve and have a concern about video games. Parents of young children should be aware of the following concern: Young children may become more aggressive and fearful if they are exposed to high levels of violence in video games. The violence portrayed in video games usually has no consequences, and is often there for the sake of humor. Parents need to watch what the kids are playing in the computer and video games. Parents need to follow up with video game rating. For example; at 2008 study by the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) found that 20% of children under 17 surveyed had bought at least one M-rated game. A study by the Kaiser Family Foundation found that three-quarters of boys in grades seven to twelve had played Grand Theft Auto, an M-rated game. The entertainment industry aggressively markets violent media to young children. In September 2000, the U. S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) released a report that exposed how the media industries actively target young children with violent entertainment meant for adults. According to the FTC, almost every video-game company they investigated regularly marketed violent M-rated games to children. For instance, the E-rated game LittleBigPlanet includes content intended to promote another Sony game, Metal Gear Solid 4, which is rated M. Toys based on action characters from games meant for mature players are often marketed to young children. Halo, an ultra-violent video game rated for players 17 and older, has spawned action figures marketed to children under 8 years old. Other issue is Childrens ideas of what it means to be male and female can be negatively influenced by stereotypes found in media. Video games are designed by males for males, and so generally contain very few female characters. Those females that do appear are often portrayed as victims, while the male characters are the aggressors. The study Video Game Characters and the Socialization of Gender Roles shows that young people hold perceptions of gender roles that mirror how men and women are depicted in video games. Many games popular among youth are either played online or downloaded from sites such as Newgrounds and eBaums World. The ESRB rating system does not cover such games. User-created content is an increasing part of todays games. This means that even if the original game has a rating appropriate for your child, it may be possible to download additional content that is not. Games often have a multiplayer component which allows children to play with other people over the Internet. These multiplayer games usually permit conversation between players which is typically immoderate. Other people see that the video games have a positive side on general and for example using the video games in health and in school.

Social Phenomena Essay -- Functionalist and Interactionist Perspective

Over time, three main theories have developed to explain social phenomena. While each theory has significant differences, there are points of each one that can help shed light on how society works. While some theories attempt to explain our social reality based on how each part of a society works together, other theories focus on the conflicts in the society, or the interaction between individuals in a society (Kendall, 23). The three classic theories of sociology include the functionalist perspective, conflict perspective, and symbolic interactionist perspective. The functionalist perspective aims to explain sociological phenomena based on the belief that our society is a balanced system that depends on each part of the group to work together in order to survive. Most people in the group share that same morals and ethics. This varies greatly from the perspective of conflict theorists, who believe that each part of society is constantly in a struggle. One of the key figures in developing the conflict perspective was C. Wright Mills. He believed that crucial decisions in the United States are mainly made by people in private, known as the â€Å"power elite† (Kendall, 26). This means that decisions made in this country are typically made by top bureaucrats and politicians. The conflict perspective does not say that society is a system that is based on the functions of each part like the functionalist perspective states; rather, each part is constantly in a â€Å"power struggle† (Kendall, 25). Both of these perspectives focus on the larger aspect of society, also known as macrolevel analysis. The symbolic interactionist perspective is based on microlevel analysis, which means that it focuses on smaller groups and individuals instead of larg... ...uing questions and insights for the future. Our interactions with others play a large role in developing our society. The symbolic perspective does not believe in reality as we believe it; rather we create our own values through interaction with others. It also helps shed light on how new cultures and customs become accepted into a society. For instance, the pià ±ata was once used in China, and it is now something used during celebrations in various cultures (Kendall, 85). This shows how one society can adopt the symbols of another and take them as their own. When we combine these perspectives and focus on our interactions with one another, what function we each play in the society, and take into account the power struggles that occur, we gain a better understanding of society as a whole. Each of these theories helps explain different aspects of our social reality.

Personal Statement. The programme of Translation and Interpretation

Some people consider translation as a kind of jobs only but for me, it is a meaningful form of cultural communication. Therefore, I would like to apply to your university for the programme of Translation and Interpretation in order to make my dream comes true. Having majored in Translation and Interpretation as an undergraduate, it brings me new perspectives about translation that it not only translates from one language to another, but also the culture. This makes translation a real challenge. Nevertheless, I dare to embrace challenges and I find fulfillment after completing various translation assignments. Also, I have a passion for it.However, my skills in translation and interpretation are far from good. Therefore, I would love to further my knowledge of language and develop skills in translation through this programme, and I could take my enthusiasm and turn it into my further study. On the other hand, when compare with other colleges, your college is not only focus on practical skills but also theories of translation. I think this is better as theories help us to identify translation problems and justify strategies in order to have better translations. Therefore, I would like to apply to your college for this programme instead of others.Since I am studying Higher Diploma in Translation and Interpretation, I have learnt some basic techniques and theories of how to translate. Besides, I practice all these skills and theories by applying them into assignments and projects. As a result, I will be more able to master this subject than others. Learning new languages is one of my interests . I learnt Japanese and Korean when I was in form three. Now, I am taking a course for learning Spanish and I think these are relevant to this programme. Just like liver Wendell Holmes has said â€Å"Language is the blood of the soul into which thoughts run and out of which they grow†.As language provides an insight into all aspects of a countries culture and this is wh at translation is about, the ability to speak in different languages helps me to study this programme in a more effective way than others. By undertaking this programme, I expect to see myself become a well-trained specialist in this field as my future career, who can make many meaningful contributions to translation and interpretation. Therefore, I have much appreciated being able to achieve my goal by getting into your college for studying this programme. Personal Statement. The programme of Translation and Interpretation Some people consider translation as a kind of jobs only but for me, it is a meaningful form of cultural communication. Therefore, I would like to apply to your university for the programme of Translation and Interpretation in order to make my dream comes true. Having majored in Translation and Interpretation as an undergraduate, it brings me new perspectives about translation that it not only translates from one language to another, but also the culture. This makes translation a real challenge. Nevertheless, I dare to embrace challenges and I find fulfillment after completing various translation assignments. Also, I have a passion for it.However, my skills in translation and interpretation are far from good. Therefore, I would love to further my knowledge of language and develop skills in translation through this programme, and I could take my enthusiasm and turn it into my further study. On the other hand, when compare with other colleges, your college is not only focus on practical skills but also theories of translation. I think this is better as theories help us to identify translation problems and justify strategies in order to have better translations. Therefore, I would like to apply to your college for this programme instead of others.Since I am studying Higher Diploma in Translation and Interpretation, I have learnt some basic techniques and theories of how to translate. Besides, I practice all these skills and theories by applying them into assignments and projects. As a result, I will be more able to master this subject than others. Learning new languages is one of my interests . I learnt Japanese and Korean when I was in form three. Now, I am taking a course for learning Spanish and I think these are relevant to this programme. Just like liver Wendell Holmes has said â€Å"Language is the blood of the soul into which thoughts run and out of which they grow†.As language provides an insight into all aspects of a countries culture and this is wh at translation is about, the ability to speak in different languages helps me to study this programme in a more effective way than others. By undertaking this programme, I expect to see myself become a well-trained specialist in this field as my future career, who can make many meaningful contributions to translation and interpretation. Therefore, I have much appreciated being able to achieve my goal by getting into your college for studying this programme.

Case Study Accountancy And Management Education Essay

Personality:This the most of import characteristic of any single. In simple we can state that personality is what which constitutes differentiation of individual & A ; individualism. We can besides specify personality in following ways as given under: *Something said or written which refers to the individual, behavior etc. , of some single, particularly something of a disparaging or violative nature, personal comments as indulgence in personalities. *That quality of jurisprudence which concerns the status, province, and capacity of individuals. *The composite of all the properties — behavioural, temperamental, emotional and mental and that characterize a alone person, â€Å" their different reactions reflected their really different personalities † . It the nature to assist others. These definitions present the best thought about personality.Personality Development OpportunitiesTo do the program ordered, foremost, self-awareness is really of import. I can merely specify my scheme and subject after I know what my strengths and developmental countries are. However, for me, I ‘m certain I know these really good. I have strengths on dutifulness, cautiousnesss and artistic involvements, but I need to better myself on the countries of cooperation, activity-level and imaginativeness. Knowing myself specially and Bettering my developmental countries while continue working on my strengths, I can better myself comprehensively.ASelf personality Exploration:Strengths ;The first strength of me is dutifulness. I ‘m a individual who has a strong sense of responsibility and duty. For me, I feel dutifulness is really of import for a individual either as single or a squad member because I believe â€Å" no hurting, no addition † . As a consequence, when I rece ive a work, I pay one hundred per centum attending to make it carefully and complete it on clip. I arrange my agenda ordered to do certain I do n't detain in something. As I making these, I have made myself go a dependable individual. Second, I ‘m friendliness. Like what the IPIP-NEO paper describes about friendliness, friendliness people make friends rapidly and easy to organize near relationship. They treat friends truly and openly, and they can allow their friends feel comfy with them. I do all of these things of course. It ‘s like I was born with optimistic. I like to do friends and stay with my friends. I may concern about their jobs and assist them every bit much as I can when they are needed. I do n't experience tiring when they complain something or speak their unhappiness to me. I think friend is a really of import group for me in my life. If I do n't hold friends any longer, I would non accomplish either my life or calling ends successfully. Third, I have abundant artistic involvements. I like both art and nature beauty with all my bosom. I like to detect people ‘s visual aspect and idiosyncrasy because I believe everyone has their alone beauty no affair indoors or outside. Absorbing the different beauties from different people no affair they are in the existent life or from their professions, I make my ain manner and make my peculiar aesthetic foresights. Besides, I like to go to different topographic points to see their peculiar natural and human landscapes. It makes me experience my life in this universe is colourful. These three strengths are showed evidently in my life. Because of them, I have gained a batch of worthy values and memories in my early life ; moreover, they make my ends further.Failings ;However, when I province my strengths, my failings which include low ability on cooperation, low activity-level and deficit of imaginativeness besides show evidently. First of my failings which is a serious job for me is low ability on the cooperation. Even though I ‘m an optimistic and friendly individual, I do n't wish to work with people initiatively. For some grounds, I do n't believe working with others is more effectual than working separately and I do n't wish to deny my ain demands to acquire along with others. I ever think in my manner and want people agree with me. It ‘s a small hard for me collaborating with others to carry through undertakings. Second, I ‘m low in activity-level. Although I ever say I like the busy life which I can affect in many activities and travel approximately energetically, I ca n't do it come true in my existent life. I about ne'er complete the prep at the first several yearss when the professor assigns it. Besides, I ever give myself an alibi to hold remainder or hold to make something unnecessarily. It ‘s like I become far off to the busy life but live in a relaxed and slow gait. Third, I ‘m short of imaginativeness. I ca n't understand why a individual with high artistic involvements is deficiency of imaginativeness ; nevertheless, I am such kind of individual. In fact, because of my slow gait of life, I leave myself in a place that merely to accommodate the existent life but non to alter it or to hold an ideal imaginativeness of it. Like, I would non conceive of that one twenty-four hours I will go a prince and married with the princess or I will go a ace theoretical account because I merely know it will ne'er come true.A By traveling through all my peculiar strengths and failings, I clearly know my existent place now. To carry through my ends and be successful, merely saying failings is non plenty, I besides need to do an effectual scheme to assist myself in accomplishing my ends. I need the cognition modesty, engagement on particular activities, academic preparation, personal preparation, work experience and on-the occupation preparation to assist me to better both my strengths and developmental countries.Personality Development Plan ;Short-Term Development Path Objectives ( 1-6 months ) ;In order to accomplish my life and calling ends, in the first 1-6 months, for cognition, I need to make good in my categories in following two quarters and read more books to distribute my ideas and cognition. I besides need to fall in more activities to better my cooperate accomplishment. Last but non least is that I need to seek my best to accommodate the life in UK. I non merely necessitate to better my English accomplishments but besides need to affect in UK pupils ‘ life so that I can both better my cooperate accomplishment and increase my activity-level.AMedium-Term Development Path Objectives ( 6-12 months ) ;After completing this short program, I need to hold an betterment in my preparation degree. Now I need to believe about how I can better my developmental countries specifically. Besides larning more cognition non merely from the books but besides from the society, I need to pay attending in every small facet of life. I need to believe more about others and make every small thing more active such as finish the prep every bit shortly as possible, make reappraisal and prevue everyday and exercising every twenty-four hours. I besides need to affect in some nines to better my cooperation ability and increase activity-level. Trying to happen a occupation on campus is besides a good manner for me to better my developmental countries. It will non merely assist me to collaborate better with others but besides can increase my imaginativeness from the emphasis work. By believing about the summer holiday is in this term, I schedule myself to hold a wood coal drawing and dancing preparations in following summer. In order to increase my imaginativeness, I need to derive more about the artistic cognition and feelings. I need to do myself unrecorded in my universe easy ; nevertheless, when I am pulling and dancing, I can easy to utilize fantasy to make a richer universe.Long-Term Development Path Goals ( 1-3 old ages ) ;In this last period, I will give myself a extremely betterment. From the cognition, merely to cognize the constructs studied in the text edition is far from adequate. To believe logically how finance and selling apply in the concern country and how can I turn the cognition to the actions with accomplishment and easiness are the chief intents for my betterment in this cherished period of life. I need to absorb other schoolmate ‘s advantages and professor ‘s experience in the concern country carefully from every category and group undertaking. After I gain adequate and well-set cognition, I need to happen an internship in an investing bank or an international corporation to use my cognition rely on the existent state of affairss. For this program, I combine the academic preparation and work experience to give myself a deep betterment non merely in cooperation but besides in activity-level. Besides, besides deriving academic preparation and work experience, I need to give myself a personal preparation in the art country. Because I want to work in a manner trade name, it ‘s perfectly that I need to hold cognition related to art and manner. Due to the concern school ca n't give me developing in this country ; I need to make it by myself. I will give myself a pulling preparation in every holiday in the coming old ages. In add-on, I will go to some manner nines on the cyberspace with people who study in the art big leagues. By speaking with them, I will cognize what academic cognition I need to hold needfully and seek to larn them by myself or by taking class preparation. By taking this program, I will better my cooperation accomplishment, activity-level and increase my imaginativeness and artistic involvements together while I ‘m larning the academic art accomplishments.Individual Personality Development Plan of Action ;Making a program is really of import for success ; nevertheless, in order to do the program more effectual, the program needs to be specific into actions. In my development program, I pick of import actions to do them specifically. The actions I pick are self-study, internship and engagement on particular undertaking. I need to carry through two sorts of internship which are working in an investing bank and working in an international corporation in the following three old ages. I will take to work in an investing bank foremost because I ‘m majoring in finance now. I need to use my cognition to the existent state of affairss to happen my failing and better myself. This action will be finished at the beginning of the junior twelvemonth. After I finish this internship, I ‘m certain I will larn a batch about the concern country and have a high betterment on my developmental countries. Then, in the senior twelvemonth, I will get down my following internship which is related more close to my concluding end. Because I have already done an internship, I know what I need to make and necessitate to better better than earlier. Therefore, this clip, when I work in an international corporation, I need seek to carry through my undertakings absolutely by handling myself as a formal member of the corporation. This internship will be finished at the terminal of my of my survey.Decision ;In decision, in order to accomplish every end in my life, making an single personal development program is really of import. It non merely can assist me to cognize my exi stent place specifically but besides can allow me believe and make every action logically and orderly. Bing a selling manager in an international manner corporation is non that easy. However, I ‘m certain I can accomplish my end by following my plan measure by measure. Because of my involvements, difficult work and continuity, I believe there is one twenty-four hours I will hold a large calling in the manner country.

The Merchant of Venice was offered to Shakespeares audience as a comedy Essay Example

The Merchant of Venice was offered to Shakespeares audience as a comedy Essay Example The Merchant of Venice was offered to Shakespeares audience as a comedy Paper The Merchant of Venice was offered to Shakespeares audience as a comedy Paper Essay Topic: Merchant Of Venice Play The Merchant of Venice is a story of love and hate, power, control and inequality. It evolves around Shylock, a rich Jew moneylender who lives in Venice and Venetian Christians, which have constantly abused and humiliated Shylock. The moneylender tricks Antonio, one of his abusers, to sign a bond that will entitle him to one pound of his flesh if he doesnt pay back the money he borrowed in three months. Antonio borrowed this money to lend it to his friend Bassanio who needs it to try for the hand of Portia, a rich and beautiful heiress. After Shylocks daughter, Jessica runs away with a Christian and Bassanio wins Portias hand, news come that Antonios ships have been destroyed and he isnt able to pay Shylock in time. The spiritually wounded Shylock wants revenge and demands a pound of Antonios flesh but Portia turns the tables on him during the court hearing. He not only doesnt get a pound of Antonios flesh but half his wealth is confiscated by the venetian state and hes forced to become a Christian, the very thing that humiliated and reduced him. The reason Shakespeares work is so popular today is that he wrote about human nature and how people behave. That is why The Merchant of Venice is as relevant now as it was four centuries ago. Shakespeare wrote The Merchant of Venice to be viewed in front of white people in the 16th century. The Merchant of Venice followed other plays where Jews were involved like the Jew of Malta. Unlike in these other plays where Jews involved performed all kinds of outrages; Shylock is someone who the Christians pick on. In Shakespeares time white people were very racist towards the aliens. Venice was one of the few cities in the world that had laws and gave rights to the ethnic minorities but even so the rights of Christians were superior. If you prick us, do we not bleed? The villainy you teach me I will execute, and it shall go hard but I will better the instructions. We do not know whether Shakespeare himself was racist or not. But from these words said by Shylock we realise that that Shakespeare understood how Shylock felt and where his anger and hatred came from. This story was written to be viewed in front of a racist audience who would expect Shylock to be humiliated and reduced yet Shakespeare managed to create sophisticated characters that can be played in a number of different ways. Shakespeare points out in this play to stories that only educated people would know about such as Portias reference to the Hercules and sea monster legend that she uses to be compared to Troys virgins: I stand for sacrifice. The rest aloof are the Sardinian wives. This reveals that the play was also written for high classes that would attend when the play was shown. Educated people like these would understand more of the plays complexity and characters. They would analyse the play and see which actions sparked, which feelings, but from my point of view theyd have similar views towards Shylock and other characters as the rest of the audiences. The Elizabethans audience would have seen Antonio as noble gentlemen. On the contrary today we see Antonio as a self-seeking, arrogant, racist. Antonio abuses Shylock in many different ways simply because he is a Jew. He calls him a misbeliever and many other names offending his Jewish faith, he spits on him, he kicks him. This would look normal to the Elizabethans audiences while today in the 21st century we would be outraged and disgusted by such behaviour. Such behaviour as Antonios would not be tolerated and if Antonio was to abuse Shylock today he would be arrested charged and probably sentenced to jail. The fact that Shylock is a Jew would have automatically made him the bad guy and a subject of abuse ion by the audience. He would have probably been played as an evil and dark also comic character. Unlike us the Elizabethans audience would have not been interested in Shylocks complexity. They would have not been listening to him nor interested in figuring out where do his feelings of anger and rage towards Christians come from. On the contrary theyd found it hilarious when Shylock is deeply hurt. Despised as an alien and unconverted Jew they would believe that he was a sinner bound for hell. Shylock can be played in very altered ways. In the two versions that I have seen hes portrayed in the Modern version as businessman that speaks with a Jewish accent who is a good, warm but strict father and who wants to teach Antonio a lesson. He is broken to pieces from Jessicas elopement. When he is given the right to cut a pound of Antonios flesh he firstly hesitates and then is stopped by Portia. He is represented colder and darker in the Oliver production therefore more malicious. Depending on how you represent a character gives the audiences a view angle to look at this character. The Elizabethan stage Jew would have been someone who showed hatred towards the Christians and would do anything to harm them. Portia appeals herself as a confident and composed young woman yet gives herself to Bassanio as unschooled girl. She can be depicted in opposed methods. In the Oliver production Portia is presented as more in control, someone that knows herself and capable of hiding feelings. In the courtroom she is very professional and formal. She makes her speech on mercy standing up, talking to Shylock from across the table. On the other hand, in the Modern production Portia is also in control but is represented as slightly softer and gentle. In the courtroom she takes a chair, sits next to Shylock and looking him in the eyes, gently explains him about mercy as thought he is a child. On the contrary with her behaviour in the Oliver production shes desperate to change Shylocks mind. The Elizabethan audiences would admire Portia and simply see her as angel who saved a poor merchants life. Theyd have been delighted when Antonio is saved and Shylock starts to get charged. To them he just was a bloodthirsty moneylender. Now we see Portia as a touch of cruelty. We understand in the trial she carefully plans her actions against Shylock. She knows about the loophole in the bond all along, gives him three chances to back down and waits until the very moment hes going to cut Antonios flesh when she stops him. Tarry a little, there is something else. This bond doth give thee here no jot of blood Portias suitors Morocco and Aragon can either be interpreted as comics or serious. In the Oliver production Morocco was a comic who wore traditional clothes and talked to himself while Arragon was an old man about 70 years of age who clearly did not deserve Portias hand. In the Modern version Morocco was a wealthy black businessman while Arragon was a Spaniard who used Spanish gestures and talked with a Spanish accent. Although Aragon looked serious he was made to be a comic. The gestures and accent formed a rather racist humour that managed to get me laughing. As it was described as a comedy Shakespeare must have made the two characters comics. The audiences would have been entertained and would probably insulted these two if they thought they were not worthy of Portias hand. Humour races and different traditions is still present in blockbuster films made today like Scary Movie or Black Night. The difference is that today the humour is not humiliating for a race. Solanio and Salarino make Shylock the subject of their jokes after his daughter runs away with Lorenzo. Referring to him as the dog Jew they say that Shylock is bothered more about his money than his daughter running away: My daughter! O my ducats! O my daughter! Fled with a Christian! O my Christian ducats! They continue their victimisation although they know Shylock is grieved at his daughters disappearance. While the Elizabethan audience would have found this amusing, we see it as racist and senseless. Throughout the play there are moments were the emotional intensity is high and others where its low. The main, most powerful excitement in The Merchant of Venice starts to rise when we hear about Antonio ships and drops Shylock has been punished. The courtroom is a very tense scene. Although we know what happen we would follow the action in silence. To the Elizabethan audience the play would have been unknown. In Elizabethan times Jews were not expected to hit back to the Christian abuses therefore Shylocks actions would not have been understood by the audience and regarded as immoral. The law of Venice itself prohibited Jews from retaliating. Shylock used the law to reciprocate against Antonio. He used the Christian law against a Christian. This would have made him an even more hated figure by the audience. The Elizabethan just like the rest of the white Christian population thought themselves as being superior to other races, like Jews. Shylock had tricked Antonio, showing more int elligence than him. The Elizabethan audience would have shouted out rude remarks. Theyd have become furious when Shylock refuses the money and some could have even thrown food on the stage. Finally when Portia stops Shylock the Elizabethans would have been overjoyed. As we look at Gratiano as an unfeeling racist the Elizabethans would have loved it when he discriminates and torments Shylock, joining in the discrimination. According to them Shylock got the punishment he deserved for such wickedness. Although todays audiences sees Shylock as a man who has been controlled by his feelings and goes too far in his search for revenge, we do feel sorry for him. Nevertheless what he was trying to do is wrong. It is impossible to watch this play today without big feelings of discomfort because we see each other as equal and think it is wrong to maltreat people because of their race. The humour is practical rather than jokes said by the characters. For example in the end Portia and Nerissa torment their husbands for giving their rings away when it is they who have them. They share this secret with the audience while the husbands do not know yet that their wives were the doctor and the clerk. It is amusing the situation Bassanio and Gratiano find themselves in. Alternatively this scene can be played as a very serious one because their husbands have been persuaded to give the rings, which they swore theyd wear until death. The play was originally described as a comedy while in fact it is a drama. The views on races have completely changed and today we have totally different views and treatments towards the outsiders. Unlike the Elizabethans we think its completely wrong to abuse or mistreat people because of their race. We see the play as a drama rather than a comedy as it was originally described. The needs of the audiences have changed. Today we have different views towards racism. Rather than being prejudice we judge people on their actions. The only parts of the play that todays audiences could look at as comical are the scenes with Morocco and Arragon and when Portia and Nerissa torment their husbands in Act 5. This is of course if the characters are played in comical ways. The Merchant of Venice is a story of love and hate. Shakspeare has joined together hatred and racism evolving around Shylock with love and romance story developing with Lorenzo and Jessica, Basanio and Portia and Gratiano and Nerissa. The amorous scenes like the gentle night with Lorenzo and Jessica sharply contrast in the scenes where is shown hatred, revenge and racism like the court scene. There is love and hatred language used before. For example when Portia gives herself to Bassanio her gentle spirit/ Commits itself to be directed and when Shylock reveals his hatred for Antonio I hate him for he is a Christian. But in my opinion the moonlight night is the most romantic scene and the courtroom shows more of the issues of racism and hate. The romantic language used by Lorenzo and Jessica while speaking gently to each other, remembering famous lovers contrast with the language for revenge used by Shylock and the racist language used by Gratiano towards Shylock. The moon shines bright, in such a night as this, When the sweet wind did gently kiss the trees, And they did make no noise, in such a night. contrasts with My deeds upon my head! I crave the law, The penalty and forfeit of my band. and O be thou damned, in execrable dog. It looks a little absurd for racism and hatred to unfold with romance and love. Nevertheless it does make a powerful combination of contrast and provides us different with aspects and ways to look at the play. Through years people have been concentrating in different points. As we tend to focus in Shylocks tragedy the Elizabethans would focus in the love story. After Shylock leaves the stage the atmosphere lightness up. Right after the court scene we meet the episode of romance and rings. We are transported from the tense atmosphere of the courtroom in to the world of the couples. After getting what they wanted and expected, Shylock to lose, the Elizabethans would have enjoyed the poetry between Lorenzo and Jessica and the torment of Bassanio and Gratiano by their wives. The sudden change in temper and variety would look bizarre to us. Focusing on Shylock we fail to adapt as good to the romance and jokes of the next few scenes. We would be left shocked by what happens in the courtroo m. However Shakespeare gives us time for the tragic feelings evoked in the audience to soften and mellow by adding the ring episode. Act 5 draws us from Shylocks world. It would have also been too abrupt to end the play with Shylocks exist. At the end there is a happy ending for all except Shylock and Jessica, the outsiders. Shakespeare could have given the play another title like The Jew of Venice, The Gentleman of Venice or The Lady of Belmont but he chose to call it The Merchant of Venice. Antonio is the merchant of play. So why did Shakespeare name the play after this character? Antonio is the fountain of the play. He is racist and arrogant that takes pleasure in humiliating outsiders without taking in configuration that the victim would one day hit back. Antonio is one Venices principal anti-Semites. Antonio is one of the characters that represents how the white Christians would feel towards the outsiders in Elizabethan times and how the whites would treat them. He is the one that triggers everything. He has invested his money and is exposed to Shylock by Bassnio. Being against money lending he borrows 3000 ducats and is tricked into signing the bond. You dont expect favours from someone you have maltreated but Antonio being arrogant easily falls in Shylocks trap. Maybe this explains Shakespeare action. Antonio has called Shylock misbeliever, cut-throat dog and spat upon my Jewish gabber dine, simply because I am a Jew. Shylock tells he has cooled my friends and heated mine enemies. Antonio arrogance shows when hes asked by Shylock why he expects money from someone he has abused and humiliated. Antonio answers: I am as like to call the so again, To spit on the again, to spurn thee too, If thow wilt lend this money, lend it not. As to thy friends, But lend it rather to thine enemy. Antonio regards Jews as less than human. In the court scene Antonio offers his share if Shylock turns into a Christian which looks as a merciful act from him. But in fact Antonio strips Shylock of the last things he has left. By becoming a Christian Shylock abandons his religion nor can he lend money because the law does not allow it for the Christians. Antonio has separated Shylock by the last things identifying him as who he is. Jews are originally from Israel. Many Jews migrated in other countries to seek new lives. They are known as hard working and clever people that know how to deal with business matters. Jews kept their religion, culture and traditions. Through the history they have been persecuted and tortured. Many countries have records of crimes against Jews. Shylock is the Jew of this play. He is identifiable as member of an alien race by appearance, manners and speech. The Christians need his services to borrow money but hate him for being a usurer. Shylock is one of the most complex characters Shakespeare has ever written about. He can either be interpreted as a dark villain, an insensitive moneylender that makes money from peoples misfortunes and takes great delight on his way to kill a merchant that has exposed his corrupt ways. Or as the victim of the society, someone who has been humiliated because of his race and becomes obsessed in his search for revenge. Audience over the years have regarded Shylock in different ways and have had different feelings towards him. Of course Shylock is a bit of both but today we look at him as a victim rather than a villain. Being a successful usurer Shylock has suffered humiliation and racism. The main fountain of his suffering is Antonio and his friends. Just like the other Jews Shylock has tried to ignore and rose over the prejudice following him. Shylock has kept his traditions and religion. Tubal is willing to help Shylock in searching for his daughter which would suggest that Shylock is respected in the Jewish community. What happens to him represents what has happened to Jews through the history. We firstly meet Shylock in scene three, when Bassanio and Antonio see him to borrow 3000 ducats. Shylock is intelligent and a good businessman. He manages to hide his feelings towards Antonio and reveals them aside to the audience. He says that I hate him for he is a Christian, lends out money gratis and he hates our secret nation. Although Shylock gives three reasons I believe that the only real reason he hates Antonio is that he is a racist anti-Semitic who has humiliated and abused him and other Jews. Shylock informs us that his treatment has been taking place before the play started by referring to ancient grudge I bear him. Some people may think that Shylock is an unfeeling money leader who was given a chance to be accepted and is being rejected because of his intensively and ruthless ambitions. They would rely on Shylocks hatred I hate him for he is a Christian and what Jessica says about her fathers intention he would rather have Antonios flesh therefore say that Shylocks true purpose was to kill Antonio. But I dont agree. A lot happens in this play that could change Shylocks intentions. I look at him as a man with a darker side that is pushed too far. Antonio many times has insulted him by calling him a misbeliever and cut-through dog disrespecting his faith, has spat on him and kicked as though he was an animal. Shylock brings up the bond as a merry sport and tricks the arrogant Antonio into signing it. Although he doubts the safety of Antonios ships he lends him the money but I believe he just wanted to teach Antonio a lesson. Shylock has suffered in human treatment in the hands of the Christian. Although the ethnic minorities had some rights the law of Venice prohibited the outsiders like Shylock from retaliating when Christians abused them. Even Shylocks servant, Lancelot has no respect for him. Shylock uses this Christian law to hit back at Antonio. He has been bullied and wants revenge but has no intention of harming Antonio. Shylock is a good loving father but strict. He has planned Jessicas future and is devastated when she steals from him and runs away. As a father he fails to understand Jessicas feelings. In the Modern version of the play Shylock and Jessica sing to each other. We realise they love each other and have a good father and daughter relationship by the eye contact, how they sing to each other warmly. Shylock touches Jessica with love and gently kisses her hand. Then Lancelot mentions that there is a mask ball and Shylock suddenly slaps Jessica. This suggests that hes very strict and does not want his daughter to have anything to do with Christians. He immediately shows signs of regret. You can tell by his body language that he is sorry and feels bad about what he did but does not actually apologise to her. This night the Christians conspire against Shylock. They invite him to dinner while Lorenzo and others get Jessica. What Jessica has done is the most appalling disaster that can happen to an orthodox Jewish family. She defies her father and steals from him. In such cases the daughter would be considered dead. Shylock has been abandoned by his own flesh and blood, which really wounds him. Leahs ring has big sentimental valve to shylock. The fact that Jessica gave it away for a monkey deepens his wound. She is seduced by Christians to run away leaving behind her father, her house, her religion, culture and traditions. Shylock is torn to pieces. The repetition of words in the conversation with Tubal adds to the dramatisation, shows how saddened Shylock is. -Why there, there, there, there! This is what causes the fire of revenge within Shylock to start burning out of control. When he hears about Antonios ships he feels the need for revenge. He could not control his daughters actions nor how the Christians treat him but he is able to control the life of Antonio and the Christian law itself gives him this right. He chooses to plea for Antonios flesh and revenge all the humiliation that he has suffered from him. If you prick us, do we not bleed? If you tickle us, do we not laugh? If you poison us, do we not die? And if you wrong us, shall we not revenge? Shylock argues that a Jew and a Christian are the same therefore he will take revenge just like a Christian would. He says to Salerino and Solanio that The villainy you teach me I will execute. Modern plays make The Merchant of Venice Shylocks play. Shylock stops tolerating his in human treatment and rebels against it. He knows that suffering is the badge of his tribe and wants to change the way the world treats Jews. He refuses the money but is touched by Portias speech. He insists that he must cut a pound of Antonios flesh. Shylock knows what he is doing is wrong but he must avenge his treatment, daughter and wife. His social side tells him to take the money but his emotional side insists on revenge. So deep in his pain to push him in extreme circumstances. But he was wrong in thinking that the law could be exploited for him. Portia stops him announcing that Shylock has been breaking the law. As consequence half his wealth is confiscated by the state, his life is forgiven but he is forced to convert into a Christian. Once again Shylock is a looser in a Christian world. His humanity is laughed at. He is reduced to the very thing that humiliated him, stole his daughter and spat on him. He abandons the fight to change how the world treats the Jews and learns that suffering will always be his tribes badge. His liability to obsession has dragged him to the brink of death. But he does not die physically. By forcing him to become a Christian Antonio and the Duke strip away the last things he has left. His money, his proud, his daughter, his religion and everything that makes him who he is, is taken away from him by the Christian society. There is nothing left to indicate that this man is Shylock. By being a Christian he cannot even practise his occupation. The Oliver version of the play ends with a Kaddish, a song sang to the Jews dead. For a man like Shylock this is spiritual death. The true him does not exist any more. Shylock threatens no further revenge, on the contrary he quietly with draws saying that he is not well. Portia is the lady of Belmont. It is her hand that Bassanio wants to win. She is described by Morocco as this shine, this mortal breathing saint, by Arragon as my hearts hope, by Lorenzo as awarded with god-like amity, by Bassanio as of wondrous virtues and even by Jessica as the joys of heaven here on earth. During the play Portia changes from one identity to another. She moves from her soft existence to the harsh, strict young advocate in the court of law and than back again. Portia has one true friend that she confides in, her maid Nerissa. She has a variable character. She is gentle and nice to those that she likes and ruthless to those that she dislikes. She communicates gently and politely with Bassanios friends but ruthlessly punishes Shylock and makes racist remarks on her suitors. These characteristics of her character allows on actress to develop her role. Portia compares herself to the Dardanian wives considering herself as a victim that she cant choose her own husband but has to marry the first, no matter whether she likes him or not, that chooses the right casket. She acts differently with Bassanio. She enjoys staying with him and opens herself to him. I think that she does have feelings for Bassanio but Portia believes that women should keep quite about their feelings and that is what she does. Bassanio does not see Portia only as the woman who he loves but also as a rich prize and a source of wealth. Portias reference of the rack suggests that she doubts Bassanios love. Nevertheless she is happy when Bassanio chooses right.

Radiocarbon Dating - Reliable but Misunderstood

Radiocarbon Dating - Reliable but Misunderstood Radiocarbon dating is one of the best known archaeological dating techniques available to scientists, and the many people in the general public have at least heard of it. But there are many misconceptions about how radiocarbon works and how reliable a technique it is. Radiocarbon dating was invented in the 1950s by the American chemist Willard F. Libby and a few of his students at the University of Chicago: in 1960, he won a Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the invention. It was the first absolute scientific method ever invented: that is to say, the technique was the first to allow a researcher to determine how long ago an organic object died, whether it is in context or not. Shy of a date stamp on an object, it is still the best and most accurate of dating techniques devised. How Does Radiocarbon Work? All living things exchange the gas Carbon 14 (C14) with the atmosphere around them- animals and plants exchange Carbon 14 with the atmosphere, fish and corals exchange carbon with dissolved C14 in the water. Throughout the life of an animal or plant, the amount of C14 is perfectly balanced with that of its surroundings. When an organism dies, that equilibrium is broken. The C14 in a dead organism slowly decays at a known rate: its half life. The half-life of an isotope like C14 is the time it takes for half of it to decay away: in C14, every 5,730 years, half of it is gone. So, if you measure the amount of C14 in a dead organism, you can figure out how long ago it stopped exchanging carbon with its atmosphere. Given relatively pristine circumstances, a radiocarbon lab can measure the amount of radiocarbon accurately in a dead organism for as long as 50,000 years ago; after that, theres not enough C14 left to measure. Tree Rings and Radiocarbon There is a problem, however. Carbon in the atmosphere fluctuates with the strength of earths magnetic field and solar activity. You have to know what the atmospheric carbon level (the radiocarbon reservoir) was like at the time of an organisms death, in order to be able to calculate how much time has passed since the organism died. What you need is a ruler, a reliable map to the reservoir: in other words, an organic set of objects that you can securely pin a date on, measure its C14 content and thus establish the baseline reservoir in a given year. Fortunately, we do have an organic object that tracks carbon in the atmosphere on a yearly basis: tree rings. Trees maintain carbon 14 equilibrium in their growth rings- and trees produce a ring for every year they are alive. Although we dont have any 50,000-year-old trees, we do have overlapping tree ring sets back to 12,594 years. So, in other words, we have a pretty solid way to calibrate raw radiocarbon dates for the most recent 12,594 years of our planets past. But before that, only fragmentary data is available, making it very difficult to definitively date anything older than 13,000 years. Reliable estimates are possible, but with large /- factors. The Search for Calibrations As you might imagine, scientists have been attempting to discover other organic objects that can be dated securely steadily since Libbys discovery. Other organic data sets examined have included varves (layers in sedimentary rock which were laid down annually and contain organic materials, deep ocean corals, speleothems (cave deposits), and volcanic tephras; but there are problems with each of these methods. Cave deposits and varves have the potential to include old soil carbon, and there are as-yet unresolved issues with fluctuating amounts of C14 in ocean corals. Beginning in the 1990s, a coalition of researchers led by Paula J. Reimer of the CHRONO Centre for Climate, the Environment and Chronology, at Queens University Belfast, began building an extensive dataset and calibration tool that they first called CALIB. Since that time, CALIB, now renamed IntCal, has been refined several timesas of this writing (January 2017), the program is now called IntCal13. IntCal combines and reinforces data from tree-rings, ice-cores, tephra, corals, and speleothems to come up with a significantly improved calibration set for c14 dates between 12,000 and 50,000 years ago. The latest curves were ratified at the 21st International Radiocarbon Conference in July of 2012. Lake Suigetsu, Japan Within the last few years, a new potential source for further refining radiocarbon curves is Lake Suigetsu in Japan. Lake Suigetsus annually formed sediments hold detailed information about environmental changes over the past 50,000 years, which radiocarbon specialist PJ Reimer believes will be as good as, and perhaps better than, samples cores from the Greenland Ice Sheet. Researchers Bronk-Ramsay et al. report 808 AMS dates based on sediment varves measured by three different radiocarbon laboratories. The dates and corresponding environmental changes promise to make direct correlations between other key climate records, allowing researchers such as Reimer to finely calibrate radiocarbon dates between 12,500 to the practical limit of c14 dating of 52,800. Constants and Limits Reimer and colleagues point out that IntCal13 is just the latest in calibration sets, and further refinements are to be expected. For example, in IntCal09s calibration, they discovered evidence that during the Younger Dryas (12,550-12,900 cal BP), there was a shutdown or at least a steep reduction of the North Atlantic Deep Water formation, which was surely a reflection of climate change; they had to throw out data for that period from the North Atlantic and use a different dataset. We should see some interesting results in the very near future. Sources and Further Information Bronk Ramsey C, Staff RA, Bryant CL, Brock F, Kitagawa H, Van der Plicht J, Schlolaut G, Marshall MH, Brauer A, Lamb HF et al. 2012. A complete terrestrial radiocarbon record for 11.2 to 52.8 kyr B.P. Science 338:370-374.Reimer PJ. 2012. Atmospheric science. Refining the radiocarbon time scale. Science 338(6105):337-338.Reimer PJ, Bard E, Bayliss A, Beck JW, Blackwell PG, Bronk Ramsey C, Buck CE, Cheng H, Edwards RL, Friedrich M et al. . 2013. IntCal13 and Marine13 Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curves 0–50,000 Years cal BP. Radiocarbon 55(4):1869–1887.Reimer P, Baillie M, Bard E, Bayliss A, Beck J, Blackwell PG, Bronk Ramsey C, Buck C, Burr G, Edwards R et al. 2009. IntCal09 and Marine09 radiocarbon age calibration curves, 0-50,000 years cal BP. Radiocarbon 51(4):1111-1150.Stuiver M, and Reimer PJ. 1993. Extended C14 data base and revised Calib 3.0 c14 age calibration program. Radiocarbon 35(1):215-230.

Ethics in Digital Content Sharing Research Paper

Ethics in Digital Content Sharing - Research Paper Example The PIPA works the same as the SOPA; with its main function also being the blocking, the sites that sell copyright materials. The stop online piracy act and the Protect IP Act have however not been amended yet. The two bills gave rise to a new procedure to take down the sites; the site is only those that violate the laws The creative commons, on the other hand, is a nonprofit organization whose main aim is to enable the use and the sharing of knowledge and creativity through free legal tools. The creative commons offer copyright licenses that are easy to use; these licenses provide a standardized and a simple way to give the public the permission to share and use creative works. The licenses let one to change the default copyright terms easily to some rights reserved, this license enables one to modify the copyrights terms to the best desired terms. The creative terms aimed at realizing the potential of the internet fully giving a new era of growth development and productivity The SOPA and the PIPA faces many critiques with many opponents proposing the stoppage of the two, the main question to ask however before criticizing the bills is "is copyright infringement right? Doesnt it violate the ethics, the privacy, and the security of the digital content?" Looking at the aims of the bills, the two of them are important as they protect copyright infringement. The SOPA is more functional as it goes, as it requires the operators to show the sites that steal the U.S media properties (Schmitz, p.220) Since the infringement of copyrights is illegal in many of the states, then the bill are important. It is, however, beneficial to understand that piracy and the copyright infringement leads to job losses; this is because it deprives content creators of profits. The legislation of the two bills will revamp a broken system that does not prevent criminal behavior. The bills face, however, face a lot of critics

Plebeian Sexual Morality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Plebeian Sexual Morality - Essay Example lopment of sexual values during the identified epoch is characterized by the presence of highly conflicting standards and perspectives regarding critical notions encompassing sociological concepts and cultural understandings. As noted by Clark, the most critical consideration which must be highlighted and outlined with reference to this aspect is linked with acknowledging the fact sexual morality and standards in itself are a matter of conflicting outlooks across communities (42). The author proposes that while exploring this aspect it is significant to understand how and why sexual morality of towards the departure of the eighteenth century and the arrival of the nineteenth century emerged as a notion of complexity. The consequences of the aforementioned factors are viewed through the lens of the sociological issues and problems which surfaced in the period and led to the questioning of the moral norms of communities. These issues can be identified in terms of the rise in individuals engaging in sexual intercourse before marriage and the subsequent increase in unwanted pregnancies and illegitimate children because of the scenario (Clark 42). Consequently, these outcomes can be highlighted as the direct impact of what Clark terms as crisis of sexuality and sexual moral standards (42). The underlying causes of these choices can be explored in depth to identify the key reasons behind the plebeian’s motivation for choosing a distinct way of life. This examination essentially raises two significant questions – was the plebeians’ decision based on principal social issues which can be associated with the period or was the progression of such sexual moral standards based on the personal perspectives and outlooks shared by a community of individuals who shared a similar mindset? Clark answers this question by suggesting that while, it is more likely to believe in the assertion that the establishment of sexuality morality is motivated and essentially shaped by the

Financial statements provide comprehensive information about the Essay - 1

Financial statements provide comprehensive information about the reporting entity that is useful to existing and potential stakeholders - Essay Example The role of the accountants and the auditors in ensuring a true and fair view of the financial statements has been explained. This is followed by the review of the key components in the financial statements which includes the income statement, balance sheet and the cash flow statement. The parameters of the income statement, balance sheet and the cash-flow statement and the information communicated by these key components have been explained. The interpretation of the key components of the financial statements fulfils the general purpose of the companies in communicating the effectiveness of the strategies for capital maintenance and wealth maximization. The financial statements are the means of communicating to the users about the business performance of the company. The companies of all business sectors all over the world have used the financial statements as the primary instrument of informing the stakeholders whether existing or potential, about the activities of the company in the area of its business throughout the year (Baker and  Powell, 2009, p.75). The users of the financial statements include the existing shareholders, the internal stakeholders that include the employees and the management, the external stakeholders which includes the customers, government, creditors and lenders, the potential investors, etc. All the users of the financial statements, whether internal or external, are only interested in maximization of profits of the company. The companies also carry out their business with the primary aim of maximization of wealth of the shareholders (Bhattacharyya, 2011, p.62). The various measures taken by the compan y during its operations in the business throughout the year are communicated to the stakeholders with the help of financial statements. Therefore, the financial statements of the companies are prepared and represented in a manner that they contain comprehensive information about the reporting entity that

Food And Beverage Analysis Marketing Essay

Food And Beverage Analysis Marketing Essay Urbanization, globalisation and agro-industrialization put increasing demands on the organization of food and beverage chains and networks. Food and beverage supply chains and networks once characterized by independence and autonomy of performers are now quickly moving in the direction of globally interrelated systems with a large diversity of difficult relationships. This is also touching the ways food is processed, produced and delivered at the market (Reardon and Barrett 2000; Van der Laan et al. 1999). Perishable food products can at the moment be shipped from halfway around the world at justly competitive prices. The market exerts a dual pressure on agro-food chains, constraining towards continuous agency coordination and innovation. Traditional price and quality issues are more significant than ever, since consumers can choose from a cumulative amount of products offered by challenging chains. Patterns of food production and consumption are at the core of all human ecology (Dietz et al.1996:181). The food production and dietary habits procedures that support them obviously have consequently affected the global environment and economy (Goodland 1997). Nearly 37% of the land surface of the Earth is used for agricultural production, including both cropland and grazing land (Harrison and Pearce 2000). Because of the environmental effects of food operation, development, production and consumption, it is important to understand both the factors that influence the human diet and the aspects of food production that are most harmful to the environment. Here we mainly focus on food and beverages operational and development issues, social and cultural factors that influence the production and consumption of food as well as how those issues influence on the production and consumption of food. Food and Beverages operational and development issues Food and beverages chains are seriously affected by consumers apprehensions regarding the quality, the safety and the sustainability of handling methods and food production. Public concerns regarding GMOs, environmental impact and chemical residues have to be met in an increasingly, competitive global environment. Greater consumer demands regarding the traceability, quality, and environmental friendliness of products and processes call for fundamentally new ways of producing, developing, and marketing products (Humphrey and Oetero 2000; Omta et al. 2001). This activates the growth of grades, agreements and standards regarding management practices and good production, over and above suitable monitoring systems to promise rapid responses and quality compliance. Supply-chain analysis is becoming an interdisciplinary activity. Distribution and production processes involve a mixture of PESTL (politic, socioeconomic, technological, legal and standards that are highly balancing in explainin g overall food and beverages chain performance (see Figure 1 below). Figure 1. Analytical perspectives on food chains Integrated logistics, production, innovation and information systems become of serious prominence for sustaining a competitive market position. In order to attain international collaboration between farmers, retail companies and agro-industries, cross-cultural alignment and strategic, compliance to national and relational trust and international regulations have become key issues. Reciprocal learning techniques and feed-back mechanisms are important to assure such global alliances. Although, in recent decades, the world has seen a cumulative integration of developing-country firms into geographically spread commodity chains or supply networks. These chains connect together traders, producers and processors from developing countries with consumers and retailers in urban centres and in the developed countries (Gereffi and Korzeniewitz 1994). Companies and firms involved in global food and beverages chains networks are facing rapid changes in the business environment, to which they must respond over continuous innovation. Practices and new procedures for organizing food supply networks with direct ties between primary producers, processors and retailers emerged to cope with health demands and food safety. Improving the specific stages in a chain typically results in sub-optimal total chain performance. Meant for this reason, agro-food companies attempt to implement regulations to all actors in the chain that become part of the global market and institutional env ironment (Jongen 2000; Van der Laan et al. 1999). Firms in developing countries face, however, particular restraints linked to limited access to (market and technical) information and reduced borrowing opportunities (Harris-White 1999). Chain integration can formerly be helpful to expand forecasts for sustainable resource management based on more stable access to information and markets that allow further investment in food quality management (Kuyvenhoven and Bigman 2001). Current studies concerning development and trade focus responsiveness on evolving barriers to agricultural exports from developing countries due to rigorous sanitary and phytosanitary necessities (Henson and Loader 2001; Otsuki et al. 2001). Liberalization of global trade is gradually accompanied by technical measures that enforce quality standards regarding residues, additives and microbiological contamination. Moreover, fast attentiveness takes place in the retail sectors for food products both in less-developed and developed countries where US- or EUowned supermarket chains such as (e.g., Royal Ahold, Carrefour, Tesco, Sainsburys, WalMart etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) control an increasing share of food supply to urban consumers. Retailers are also dedicating more shelf space to suitable high-quality fresh products (selfservice) that are critical to retain middle-class and attract customers (Fearne and Hughes 1998; Marsden and Wrigley 1996). This poses further demands on processors and producers to satisfy uniform, high quality standards and recurrent delivery requirements (Reardon et al. 1999). International sourcing of perishable products to secure year-around supply (under private label) can be assured over long-term contracts and partnerships. Presence of smallholders from developing countries into global supply chains that satisfy these conditions used to be based on processes for sub-contracting and outsourcing under strict investigation with frequent audit of local practices and facilities (Dolan et al. 1999). However, in practice a cumulative degree of vertical integration within food, beverages and agribusiness networks can be noticed, based on complex predetermined measures for monitoring process standards and product quality. Consequently, producers can only maintain their market position if credible measures are taken to enhance product quality and safety. The complex connections between the before-mentioned processes of market globalization and integration, complemented by tendencies of changing consumption patterns and growing urbanization, bring about a number of essential changes in the organization of agro-food chains and networks. The rapid growth of supermarkets in both developing countries and developed (See appendix 1:25) extremely transforms the institutional landscape of exchange and agro-food production systems. Main tests as how to assure the participation of smallholder producers in these more and new demanding sourcing networks need to be addressed. Thoughtfulness should also be given to the institutional necessities that empower smallholders to meet the more rigorous quality regulations and food safety. International competition is increasingly taking place around the implementation of (private and public) regimes of standards an d grades. Positioning the values of chain reversal in practice implies that innovative methods are required that address the required conditions for equitable integration and successful of developing countries producers into sustainable agro-food chains and networks that are capable to satisfy these changing consumer demands. Supermarket procurement regimes for sourcing of vegetables, fruits, meat and dairy intensely impact the organization of the supply chain. The market requires continuous deliveries, product homogeneity, stable shelf life and quality upgrading. Procurement dependence on wholesale markets is quickly substituted by specialized wholesales, subcontracting with preferred consolidated and suppliers purchase in regional warehouses. Supermarkets therefore increasingly control downstream segments of the private standards, chain through contracts and sourcing networks. A typical example can be seen on particular food and beverage such as fast moving consumer goods where its not surprising that this industry cite a long list of high-priority concerns for their supply chains. Reducing logistics costs is the recurrent number one goal across all industries in the Annual 3PL Study, nonetheless additional main concern speak to the particular challenges of the fast-moving consumer goods category, including perfect order completion quickly identifying and reacting to changes in consumer demand and shortening new product time to- market and supply chain integration. British foods retailer manufacturer Tesco, for example, delivers direct-to-consumer within 24 hours of when the order is placed; in some markets that means delivery to one home on behalf of a number of customers or home delivery, while other markets kindness pickup at a kiosk or service centre. Thats challenging the food production manufacturer to upturn order accuracy and work to avoid out-of-stocks while managing with the costs incurred by operating so many delivery models. Fast-moving consumer goods manufacturers are acting on growing global awareness of the need to mitigate the environmental impact of manufacturing and logistics processes, by placing first priority on structure sustainability into the supply chain. Green is no longer leading edge or pioneering; it is now a normal part of a companys operations, driving the need for manufacturers and others to develop cohesive and comprehensive earth-friendly sourcing strategies. Improving shipment density and load utilization is one of these strategies, enabling manufacturers to maximize use of shipment capacity to reduce emissions, wasted capacity and potentially costs as well. Limited Brands Logistics Services, for example, continues to work on new configurations of its carton proportions to fit as much merchandise into containers as possible. Sustainability is a mandate to do a better job in the logistics area, says one FMCG (Fast Moving Consumer Goods) executive, whose company has been testing hybr id electric delivery trucks and working to comply with emerging sustainability. Shippers want 3PLs (Third Party Logistics) to help improve shipment density/load utilization, reduce logistics costs and establish a supply chain disruption/mitigation strategy, but they consider them less often for goals such as shortening new product time-to-market and supply chain integration. Shippers are also involving 3PLs in cost-reduction strategies less often than one might expect, with the biggest gaps in improved forecasting and inventory capabilities, rationalizing SKUs and redesigning the supply chain network. 3PLs see their role as much larger in these and other services. The trust issues that have consistently slowed the evolution of shipper-3PL relationships may be a factor in these gaps. Some shippers have tested sharing warehousing and transportation as a green and cost reduction strategy, with most reporting savings of less than 5%. Nevertheless, superiority in Operations remains an illusion for most food and beverage companies. This will be lasting as long as they stay limited within the mindsets associated and the organizational structures with todays vertically combined business model. According to a McKinsey report based on problems and opportunities relating to operational excellence, the study comes out with the following findings: 1. Operations issues get deserted from top-management two main business processes of consumer management and customer management. It suggests that operations issues get a lot less than 20% of the Executive Committees agenda time. To multifaceted the problem, only around 10% of top executives in food and beverage companies have straight personal experience in operations. It is barely surprising; however, that the promise to drive radical change may not be as resilient in operations as it is in the other two business processes. 2. Around 10% of FMCG companies have a global operations director with full responsibility for both operational development and strategic resource allocation. 3. Most of the top quartile talent is tapped for handling marketing or finance functions. Operations functions are short of management talent. High potential generalists often find food and beverage operations too internally focused and too technical. At the other end of the scale, senior operations experts are often attracted to other industries such as electronics, automotive or engineering where operations is both more highly rewarded and more highly regarded. These difficulties are not new. What is new is that a possible solution the mixture of organizational separation and value chain de-verticalisation. Deverticalisation International food and beverages companies that are able to attain organizational functionally and separation organized national companies This efficiently means outsourcing your supply chain actions to a third party. Naturally this will involve selling the existing activities and operations assets, as well as manufacturing, procurement, process RD and primary distribution, a third party manufacturer, financial buyer or a joint venture with other food and beverage companies. In essence, this leaves an asset light food and beverage company and an asset heavy supply company. How will it create value? From the perception of the food and beverage Company, the supply company of its will now be in a position to address the above-mentioned operational issues. A strongly incentivized management team frequently directly responsible to the capital markets. Although it will be better able to motivate and attract talented operations managers, emphasis 100% of its attention on operational skills and operations issues. However, operational distinction will translate directly into bottom-line impact. Accordingly deverticalisation allows the management of the food and beverages company to emphasis completely on consumer and customer management the key engines of growth though sharing in progressive operations cost developments over either an equity stake or open book supply contracts. From the financial outlook this would also help the food and beverage Company get a significant bound in return on capital employed. Social and cultural factors that influence the consumption of foods Influences on Food Choices There are many factors that determine what foods a person eats. In addition to personal preferences, there are cultural, social, religious, economic, environmental, and even political factors. Cultural influences A cultural group provides guidelines regarding acceptable foods, food combinations, eating patterns, and eating behaviors. Compliance with these guidelines creates a sense of identity and belonging for the individual Kittler (1998). Within large cultural groups, subgroups exist that may practice variations of the groups eating behaviors, though they are still considered part of the larger group (Haviland, William A. 1990). For example, a hamburger, French fries, and a soda are considered a typical American meal. Schlosser, Eric (2001). Someone who is repeatedly exposed to certain foods is less hesitant to eat them. For example, lobster traditionally was only available on the coasts, and is much more likely to be accepted as food by coastal dwellers. States, however, eat veggie-burgers made from mashed beans, pureed vegetables, or soy, and people on diets may eat a burger made from lean turkey. In the United States these are appropriate cultural substitutions, but a burger made from h orsemeat would be unacceptable (Klimis-Zacas et al: 2001). Religious proscriptions choice from a few to many, from relaxed to highly restrictive. This will affect a supporters food selections and behaviors. For example, in some religions specific foods are prohibited, such as pork among Jewish and Muslim adherents. Within Christianity, the Seventh-day Adventists dispirit stimulating beverages such as alcohol, which is not prohibited among Catholics. Social influences Members of a social group depend on each other, share a common culture, and influence each others behaviors and values. A persons membership in particular peer, work, or community groups impacts food behaviors. For example, a young person at a basketball game may eat certain foods when accompanied by friends and other foods when accompanied by his or her teacher. The Social Significance of Meat Consumption While vegetarianism is on the increase in Western societies (Amato and Partridge (1989); Beardsworth and Keil (1997); Dietz et al. (1995)), meat consumption is still a central part of the Western societies diet (Beardsworth and Keil (1997)). So far there is considerable indication that meat is not only unnecessary for a healthy diet, it is a leading contributor to many health problems (Amato and Partridge (1989); Lappà © (1991); Marcus (1998); Melina et al. (1995); Robbins (1987)). Given that general meat-eating behaviour in prosperous societies cannot be readily explained by biological necessity, other factors must play a major role in defining individual dietary habits. A critical macro-level approach suggests that the production of meat cannot simply be explained as a direct response to consumer demand, since production is affected by government subventions and industry groups, such as the pork and beef councils. Political economists argue that the economic elite control consumer preferences through means of social, psychological, and cultural manipulation for example, by the use of advertising (Schnaiberg (1980); Schnaiberg and Gould (1994)). Therefore, production may generate consumption because processors, producers, and marketers have cultural hegemony, that is, control over the beliefs and values of a culture. Consequently, from this perspective, the operational power of the meat industry is expected to be a major element of stages of meat consumption. Cronons (1991) analysis of how the U.S. meat industry grew throughout the 19th Century by transforming American agriculture provides clear support for the argument that consumer habits are greatly influenced by powerful corporate interests. However, although this viewpoint may explain aggregate levels of production and consumption in a society, it does not explain variation of consumer behaviour among individuals within a shared political economic context. However, a micro-level approach to understanding consumer patterns focuses on the social psychological factors that lead to food consumption. Dietz et al. (1995) and Kalof et al. (1999) argue that social psychological factors, such as beliefs and values, have a significant influence on consumer demand for various food types. The results of their analyses suggest that values and beliefs have a greater influence on the choice of a vegetarian diet than do demographic factors. Reliable with these results, other researchers have found that social psychological factors have a more effect on consumer request than do demographic and economic factors (Breidenstein (1988); Guseman et al. (1987); Sapp and Harrod (1989)). However, social structural factors form the context in which psychological factors operate. Social structural position such as (gender, race and class) probable plays an important role in determining each individuals life experiences, socialization, and psychological attributes . Distinguishing the intertwined reputation of psychology and social structure is necessary to appreciate behaviour. Both the critical the social psychological perspective and macro -level perspective have made significant contributions to our understanding of food and beverage in general and meat consumptions. The environmental literature recognizes industrial meat production as a prominent source of many environmental problems (Durning and Brough 1991; Ehrlich, Ehrlich and Daily 1995; Goodland 1997; Pimentel and Pimentel 1996; Rifkin 1992; Subak 1999). Nowadays, intensive meat production places a problem on ecosystems as it necessitates the usage of large quantities of natural resources mostly energy, land, and water used to produce feed grain (Durning and Brough 1991; Dutilh and Kramer 2000; Fiddes 1991). Comparative to the production of other vegetables and grain, problem for human consumption, the production of meat is tremendously resource ineffective several times more people can subsist on a vegetarian diet than can on a meat centered diet (Durning and Brough 1991; Dutilh and Kramer 2000; Ehrlich, Ehrlich and Daily 1995; Lappà © 1991; Rifkin 1992). Beef production is mostly supply intensive, having an even bigger impact on the environment than is recommended by the amount of grai n and the resources that goes into generating grain that it needs (Subak 1999). Beef grazing contributes to many environmental problems including desertification, soil erosion, loss of biological diversity and water pollution, (Durning and Brough 1991; Ehrlich, Ehrlich and Daily 1995; Pimentel and Pimentel 1996; Rifkin 1992). For example, millions of acres of tropical forest in Latin America have been empty for cattle grazing (Durning and Brough 1991; Harrison and Pearce 2000; Myers 1981). Moreover, due to their digestive physiology, cattle also emit a large quantity of a greenhouse gas, a methane, and their manure expels gaseous ammonia into the air, contributing to acid rain (Durning and Brough 1991; Harrison and Pearce 2000; Subak 1999). Changing Profile and Mind Set of Consumer People are becoming aware about hygienic and health. There is a transformation in the mind-set of the Consumer and now looking at Money for Value rather than Value for Money. We have seen inclination in consumers to move to advanced products/ brands, because of shifting lifestyles, growing disposable income etc. Consumers are switching from economy to premium product even we have witnessed a sharp increase in the sales of packaged water and water purifier. Porters five forces analysis of the food and beverage Source: Valuenotes.com, (2010) The intensity of rivalry is very high among the competitor of food and beverages Industry. There is a threat for new entrants as well as for substitute. Even there is high bargaining power for Suppliers as well as for Buyers. Rivalry among Competing Firms In the food and beverages industry, rivalry between competitors is very fierce. There are uncommon customers because the industry is highly saturated and the competitors try to seize their share of market. Market Players use all sorts of activities and tactics from intensive advertisement campaigns to price wars and promotional stuff etc. Therefore the intensity of rivalry is very high. Potential Entry of New Competitors Food and beverages industry does not have any methods which can control the entry of new firms. The conflict is very low and the structure of the industry is so multifaceted that new firms can easily enter and also offer tough competition due to cost effectiveness. Therefore prospective entry of new firms is extremely viable. Potential Development of Substitute Products There are never ending and complex consumer needs and no firm can satisfy all sorts of needs alone. There are adequately of substitute goods available in the market that can be re-placed if consumers are not satisfied with one. The varied range of needs and choices give an appropriate room for new product development that can substitute current goods. Every other day there is some short of new product, design and variants. This leads to higher consumers expectation. Bargaining Power of Suppliers The bargaining power of suppliers of intermediate goods and raw materials is not very high. There is ample number of substitute suppliers available and the raw materials are also willingly accessible and most of the raw materials are homogeneous. There is no monopoly situation in the supplier side as the suppliers are also challenging among themselves. Bargaining Power of Consumers Bargaining power of consumers is also very high. This is because in food and beverages industry the substituting costs of most of the goods is very low and there is no threat of buying one product over other. Customers are never unwilling to buy or attempt new things off the shelf. SWOT Analysis Strengths: Presence of well-known distribution networks in both urban and rural areas Low Operational Costs Occurrence of well-known brands in food and beverages sector Accessibility of raw materials Weaknesses: Me-too products which unlawfully mimic the brands and labels of the recognized brands Lower scope of investing in technology and achieving economies of scale, especially in small sectors Low exports levels Opportunities: Large domestic market over a billion populations Unexploited countryside market Increasing income levels, i.e. increase in purchasing power of consumers Trade potential and tax duty benefits for implementing exports units Threats: Regulatory and tax structure Exclusion of import restrictions ensuing in replacing of domestic brands Temporary Slowdown in Economy can have an impact on food and beverages industry Source: Valuenotes.com (2011) Conclusions With low margins and large volumes, food and beverages companies must react fast to deliver in-demand, on-trend products to shoppers where and when they want them, to avoid getting held with unwanted merchandise. The increasing integration of local and cross-border agro-food chains can be considered both a threat and a challenge for rural development. Poor farmers in developing countries who have limited resources and scarce access to markets and a more cautious, less faithful customer has arisen in the global recession, stimulating consumer goods manufacturers and their supplier and retailer partners to develop more responsive and demand-driven. A value-conscious customer is particularly challenging for producers of food and beverages.